Department of Health Sciences-Fitness Wellness, College of Health and Human Services, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.
Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Mar 3;20(5):4501. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20054501.
Running on less predictable terrain has the potential to increase the stimulation of the neuromuscular system and can boost aerobic performance. Hence, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of trail versus road running on neuromuscular and endurance performance parameters in running novices. Twenty sedentary participants were randomly assigned to either a trail (TRAIL; n = 10) or road running (ROAD; n = 10) group. A supervised and progressive, moderate intensity, and work-load-matched 8 wk endurance running program on TRAIL or ROAD was prescribed (i.e., randomized). Static balance (BESS test), dynamic balance (Y-balance test), gait analysis (RehaGait test, with regard to stride time single task, stride length dual task, velocity single task), agility performance (-test), isokinetic leg strength (BIODEX), and predicted VOmax were assessed in pre- and post-tests. rANOVA analysis revealed no significant time-group interactions. Large effect sizes (Cohen's d) for pairwise comparison were found for TRAIL in the BESS test (d = 1.2) and predicted (pred) VOmax (d = 0.95). Moderate effects were evident for ROAD in BESS (d = 0.5), stride time single task (d = 0.52), and VOmax predicted (d = 0.53). Possible moderate to large effect sizes for stride length dual task (72%), velocity single task (64%), BESS test (60%), and the Y-balance test left stance (51%) in favor of TRAIL occurred. Collectively, the results suggested slightly more beneficial tendencies in favor of TRAIL. Additional research is needed to clearly elucidate differences between TRAIL and ROAD, not only in novices but also in experienced exercisers.
在不太可预测的地形上跑步有可能增加神经系统的刺激，并能提高有氧运动表现。因此，本研究的目的是分析越野跑与路跑对跑步新手的神经肌肉和耐力表现参数的影响。20 名久坐的参与者被随机分配到越野跑（TRAIL）组（n = 10）或路跑（ROAD）组（n = 10）。规定了一个监督和渐进的、中等强度和工作量匹配的 8 周耐力跑步计划，在 TRAIL 或 ROAD 上进行（即随机）。在预测试和后测试中评估了静态平衡（BESS 测试）、动态平衡（Y 平衡测试）、步态分析（RehaGait 测试，关于单任务步时、双任务步长、单任务速度）、敏捷性能（-测试）、等速腿部力量（BIODEX）和预测 VOmax。rANOVA 分析显示，时间组之间没有显著的交互作用。TRAIL 在 BESS 测试（d = 1.2）和预测（预）VOmax（d = 0.95）中发现了较大的效应量（Cohen's d）。ROAD 在 BESS（d = 0.5）、单任务步时（d = 0.52）和预测 VOmax（d = 0.53）中表现出中等效应。双任务步长（72%）、单任务速度（64%）、BESS 测试（60%）和 Y 平衡测试左侧站位（51%）对 TRAIL 有利的可能中等至较大效应量。总的来说，结果表明 TRAIL 略有更有益的趋势。需要进一步的研究来清楚地阐明 TRAIL 和 ROAD 之间的差异，不仅在新手，而且在经验丰富的锻炼者中。
