Zhao Yanfang, Gu Yujin, Zhang Qili, Liu Hongliang, Liu Yingying
Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, Zibo Key Laboratory of New Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310015, China.
J Clin Med. 2023 Feb 27;12(5):1883. doi: 10.3390/jcm12051883.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia throughout the world. It is characterized by major amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which are composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated Tau (p-Tau), respectively. Exosomes, which are secreted by cells, are single-membrane lipid bilayer vesicles found in bodily fluids and they have a diameter of 30-150 nm. Recently, they have been considered as critical carriers and biomarkers in AD, as they facilitate communication between cells and tissues by delivering proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. This review demonstrates that exosomes are natural nanocontainers that carry APP as well as Tau cleavage products secreted by neuronal cells and that their formation is associated with the endosomal-lysosomal pathway. Moreover, these exosomes can transfer AD pathological molecules and participate in the pathophysiological process of AD; therefore, they have potential diagnostic and therapeutic value for AD and might also provide novel insights for screening and prevention of the disease.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是全球痴呆症的主要病因。其特征是主要的淀粉样斑块和神经原纤维缠结（NFTs），它们分别由淀粉样β（Aβ）肽和高度磷酸化的 Tau（p-Tau）组成。外泌体由细胞分泌，是在体液中发现的单膜脂质双层囊泡，直径为30 - 150纳米。最近，它们被认为是AD中的关键载体和生物标志物，因为它们通过传递蛋白质、脂质和核酸促进细胞与组织之间的通讯。这篇综述表明，外泌体是携带神经元细胞分泌的APP以及Tau裂解产物的天然纳米容器，并且它们的形成与内体 - 溶酶体途径相关。此外，这些外泌体可以转移AD病理分子并参与AD的病理生理过程；因此，它们对AD具有潜在的诊断和治疗价值，也可能为该疾病的筛查和预防提供新的见解。
