Cooperative Faculty of Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan.
School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
Nutrients. 2023 Mar 6;15(5):1299. doi: 10.3390/nu15051299.
A national strategy for obesity prevention has been promoted in Paraguay, reflecting the situation where half of adults and 23.4% of children (under 5 years old) are overweight. However, the detailed nutritional intake of the population has not yet been studied, especially in rural areas. Therefore, this study aimed to identify obesity-causing factors in Pirapó by analyzing the results from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and one-day weighed food records (WFRs). From June to October 2015, 433 volunteers (200 males and 233 females) completed the FFQ with 36 items and one-day WFRs. Body mass index (BMI) positively correlated with the consumption of sandwiches, hamburgers, and bread and with age and diastolic blood pressure, although pizza and fried bread (pireca) had a negative correlation in males ( < 0.05). BMI positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, whereas it negatively correlated with the consumption of cassava and rice in females ( < 0.05). The FFQ revealed that fried food with wheat flour was consumed once a day. WFRs showed that 40% of meals consisted of two or more carbohydrate-rich dishes, significantly higher in energy, lipids, and sodium than those containing only one carbohydrate-rich dish. These results imply that less oily wheat dish consumption and healthy combinations of dishes should be considered for obesity prevention.
巴拉圭推行了一项国家肥胖预防战略，这反映出一半的成年人和 23.4%的儿童（5 岁以下）超重的现状。然而，人们尚未对该人群的详细营养摄入量进行研究，尤其是在农村地区。因此，本研究旨在通过分析食物频率问卷（FFQ）和一日称重食物记录（WFR）的结果，来确定 Pirapó 地区肥胖的成因。2015 年 6 月至 10 月，433 名志愿者（200 名男性和 233 名女性）完成了包含 36 个项目的 FFQ 和一日 WFR。体重指数（BMI）与三明治、汉堡和面包的摄入量呈正相关，与年龄和舒张压呈正相关，尽管男性中披萨和油炸面包（pireca）呈负相关（<0.05）。BMI 与收缩压呈正相关，而女性的 BMI 与木薯和大米的摄入量呈负相关（<0.05）。FFQ 显示，每天都食用含有小麦粉的油炸食品。WFR 显示，40%的餐含有两种或更多富含碳水化合物的菜肴，其能量、脂肪和钠含量明显高于仅含有一种富含碳水化合物的菜肴。这些结果表明，应该减少含油量高的小麦菜肴的摄入，并考虑健康的菜肴组合，以预防肥胖。
