Petousis Markos, Vidakis Nectarios, Mountakis Nikolaos, Karapidakis Emmanuel, Moutsopoulou Amalia
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece.
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Feb 28;15(5):1232. doi: 10.3390/polym15051232.
Process sustainability vs. mechanical strength is a strong market-driven claim in Material Extrusion (MEX) Additive Manufacturing (AM). Especially for the most popular polymer, Polylactic Acid (PLA), the concurrent achievement of these opposing goals may become a puzzle, especially since MEX 3D-printing offers a variety of process parameters. Herein, multi-objective optimization of material deployment, 3D printing flexural response, and energy consumption in MEX AM with PLA is introduced. To evaluate the impact of the most important generic and device-independent control parameters on these responses, the Robust Design theory was employed. Raster Deposition Angle (RDA), Layer Thickness (LT), Infill Density (ID), Nozzle Temperature (NT), Bed Temperature (BT), and Printing Speed (PS) were selected to compile a five-level orthogonal array. A total of 25 experimental runs with five specimen replicas each accumulated 135 experiments. Analysis of variances and reduced quadratic regression models (RQRM) were used to decompose the impact of each parameter on the responses. The ID, RDA, and LT were ranked first in impact on printing time, material weight, flexural strength, and energy consumption, respectively. The RQRM predictive models were experimentally validated and hold significant technological merit, for the proper adjustment of process control parameters per the MEX 3D-printing case.
在材料挤出（MEX）增材制造（AM）中，工艺可持续性与机械强度是由市场强烈驱动的诉求。特别是对于最常用的聚合物聚乳酸（PLA）而言，要同时实现这两个相互矛盾的目标可能会成为一个难题，尤其是因为MEX 3D打印提供了多种工艺参数。本文介绍了在使用PLA的MEX增材制造中对材料部署、3D打印弯曲响应和能耗进行多目标优化。为了评估最重要的通用且与设备无关的控制参数对这些响应的影响，采用了稳健设计理论。选择光栅沉积角度（RDA）、层厚（LT）、填充密度（ID）、喷嘴温度（NT）、床温（BT）和打印速度（PS）来编制一个五级正交阵列。总共进行25次实验运行，每次有五个试样复制品，共积累了135次实验。使用方差分析和简化二次回归模型（RQRM）来分解每个参数对响应的影响。ID、RDA和LT分别在对打印时间、材料重量、弯曲强度和能耗的影响中排名第一。RQRM预测模型经过实验验证，具有显著的技术价值，可根据MEX 3D打印情况适当调整工艺控制参数。
