在受教育程度较低的美国成年人中，较高的州最低工资与健康和精神健康之间的关系存在种族、民族和性别差异。
Racial, ethnic, and gender differences in the association between higher state minimum wages and health and mental well-being in US adults with low educational attainment.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
出版信息
Soc Sci Med. 2023 Apr;322:115817. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115817. Epub 2023 Mar 5.
BACKGROUND
To date, research evaluating the association between minimum wage and health has been heterogenous and varies based on the specific subpopulation or health outcomes under evaluation while associations across racial, ethnic, and gender identities have been understudied.
METHODS
A triple difference-in-differences strategy using modified Poisson regression was used to evaluate the associations between minimum wage and obesity, hypertension, fair or poor general health, and moderate psychological distress in 25-64-year-old adults with a high school education/GED or less. Data from the 1999-2017 Panel Study of Income Dynamics was linked to state policies and characteristics to estimate the risk ratio (RR) associated with a $1 increase in current and 2-year lagged state minimum wages overall and by race, ethnicity, and gender (non-Hispanic or non-Latino (NH) White men, NH White women, Black, indigenous, or people of color (BIPOC) men, and BIPOC women) adjusting for individual and state-level confounding.
RESULTS
No associations between minimum wage and health were observed overall. Among NH White men 2-year lagged minimum wage was associated with reduced risk of obesity (RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.67, 0.99). Among NH White women, current minimum wage was associated lower risk of moderate psychological distress (RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.54, 1.00) while 2-year lagged minimum wage was associated with higher obesity risk (RR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.12, 1.64) and lower risk of moderate psychological distress (RR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.56, 1.00). Among BIPOC women, current minimum wage was associated with higher risk of fair or poor health (RR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.40). No associations were observed among BIPOC men.
CONCLUSION
While no associations were observed overall, heterogeneous associations between minimum wage, obesity, and psychological distress by racial, ethnic, and gender strata warrant further study and have implications for health equity research.
背景
迄今为止，评估最低工资与健康之间关联的研究结果存在差异，具体取决于评估的特定亚人群或健康结果，而对不同种族、族裔和性别身份之间的关联研究则较少。
方法
使用修正泊松回归的三重差分差异策略，评估了在接受过高中教育/普通同等学历（GED）或以下教育的 25-64 岁成年人中，最低工资与肥胖、高血压、一般健康状况不佳或较差以及中度心理困扰之间的关联。将 1999-2017 年收入动态小组研究的数据与州政策和特征相关联，以估计当前和两年滞后的州最低工资每增加 1 美元与总体以及按种族、族裔和性别（非西班牙裔或非拉丁裔（NH）白人男性、NH 白人女性、黑人、原住民或有色人种（BIPOC）男性和 BIPOC 女性）相关的风险比（RR）之间的关联，调整个人和州级混杂因素。
结果
总体而言，最低工资与健康之间没有关联。在 NH 白人男性中，两年滞后的最低工资与肥胖风险降低相关（RR=0.82，95%CI=0.67，0.99）。在 NH 白人女性中，当前最低工资与中度心理困扰风险降低相关（RR=0.73，95%CI=0.54，1.00），而两年滞后的最低工资与肥胖风险增加相关（RR=1.35，95%CI=1.12，1.64）和中度心理困扰风险降低相关（RR=0.75，95%CI=0.56，1.00）。在 BIPOC 女性中，当前最低工资与一般健康状况不佳或较差的风险增加相关（RR=1.19，95%CI=1.02，1.40）。在 BIPOC 男性中未观察到关联。
结论
虽然总体上没有观察到关联，但最低工资、肥胖和心理困扰之间存在按种族、族裔和性别分层的异质关联，这需要进一步研究，并对健康公平研究具有启示意义。
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