Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France.
Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; Maintain Aging Researchteam, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
Ageing Res Rev. 2023 Jun;87:101908. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101908. Epub 2023 Mar 10.
The hallmarks of aging constitute an interconnected network of basic mechanisms that modulate aging and can be modulated by lifestyle factors, including dietary strategies. This narrative review aimed to summarize the evidence on promoting dietary restriction or adherence to specific dietary patterns on hallmarks of aging. Studies with preclinical models or humans were considered. Dietary restriction (DR), usually operationalized as a reduction in caloric intake, is the main strategy applied to study the axis diet-hallmarks of aging. DR has been shown to modulate mainly genomic instability, loss of proteostasis, deregulating nutrient sensing, cellular senescence, and altered intercellular communication. Much less evidence exists on the role of dietary patterns, with most of the studies evaluating the Mediterranean Diet and other similar plant-based diets, and the ketogenic diet. Potential benefits are described in genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered intercellular communication. Given the predominant place of food in human life, it is imperative to determine the impact of nutritional strategies on the modulation of lifespan and healthspan, considering applicability, long-term adherence, and side effects.
衰老的特征构成了一个相互关联的基本机制网络，调节衰老过程，并且可以通过生活方式因素（包括饮食策略）进行调节。本综述旨在总结促进饮食限制或遵循特定饮食模式对衰老特征的影响的证据。研究对象包括临床前模型和人类。饮食限制（DR）通常通过减少热量摄入来实施，是研究饮食与衰老特征轴心的主要策略。研究表明，DR 主要调节基因组不稳定性、蛋白质稳态丧失、营养感应失调、细胞衰老和细胞间通讯改变。关于饮食模式的作用，证据较少，大多数研究评估了地中海饮食和其他类似的植物性饮食以及生酮饮食。在基因组不稳定性、表观遗传改变、蛋白质稳态丧失、线粒体功能障碍和细胞间通讯改变方面描述了潜在的益处。考虑到食物在人类生活中的主导地位，必须确定营养策略对寿命和健康寿命的调节作用，同时考虑适用性、长期依从性和副作用。
