Centeleghe Isabella, Norville Philip, Hughes Louise, Maillard Jean-Yves
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, Cardiff, UK.
GAMA Healthcare, Hemel Hempstead, UK.
Am J Infect Control. 2023 Oct;51(10):1157-1162. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.02.009. Epub 2023 Mar 11.
Dry surface biofilms (DSB) are widespread in healthcare settings presenting a challenge to cleaning and disinfection. Klebsiella pneumoniae has been a focus of attention due to antibiotic resistance and the emergence of hypervirulent strains. Few studies have demonstrated K pneumoniae survival on surfaces following desiccation.
DSB were formed over 12 days. Bacterial culturability and transfer were investigated following DSB incubation up to 4 weeks. Bacterial viability in DSB was investigated with live/dead staining using flow cytometry.
K pneumoniae formed mature DSB. After 2 and 4 weeks of incubation, transfer from DSB was low (<55%) and reduced further (<21%) following wiping. Culturability at 2 and 4 weeks varied although viability remained high indicating viable but non culturable state (VBNC).
K pneumoniae was removed from surfaces by mechanical wiping as shown with DSB of other species. Although culturability was reduced over time, bacteria remained viable up to 4 weeks incubation, proving the need for robust cleaning regimens.
This is the first study confirming K pneumoniae survival on dry surfaces as a DSB. The presence of VBNC bacteria indicated that K pneumoniae can for extended periods, raising questions about its persistence on surfaces.
干燥表面生物膜（DSB）在医疗环境中广泛存在，给清洁和消毒带来挑战。肺炎克雷伯菌因抗生素耐药性和高毒力菌株的出现而备受关注。很少有研究证明肺炎克雷伯菌在干燥后能在表面存活。
DSB在12天内形成。在DSB孵育长达4周后，研究细菌的可培养性和转移情况。使用流式细胞术通过活/死染色研究DSB中的细菌活力。
肺炎克雷伯菌形成了成熟的DSB。孵育2周和4周后，从DSB的转移率较低（<55%），擦拭后进一步降低（<21%）。2周和4周时的可培养性有所不同，尽管活力仍然很高，表明处于活但不可培养状态（VBNC）。
如其他物种的DSB所示，通过机械擦拭可将肺炎克雷伯菌从表面去除。尽管随着时间的推移可培养性降低，但细菌在孵育长达4周时仍保持活力，这证明需要强有力的清洁方案。
这是第一项证实肺炎克雷伯菌作为DSB在干燥表面存活的研究。VBNC细菌的存在表明肺炎克雷伯菌可以长时间存活，这引发了关于其在表面持久性的问题。
