Bereanu Alina-Simona, Vintilă Bogdan Ioan, Bereanu Rareș, Codru Ioana Roxana, Hașegan Adrian, Olteanu Ciprian, Săceleanu Vicențiu, Sava Mihai
Faculty of Medicine, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Lucian Blaga Street 2A, 550169 Sibiu, Romania.
County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bld. Corneliu Coposu nr. 2-4, 550245 Sibiu, Romania.
Microorganisms. 2024 Mar 28;12(4):684. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12040684.
The worldwide increase of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a global threat. The emergence and global spread of carbapenemase- (KPC-) producing represent a particular concern. This pathogen has increased resistance and abilities to persist in human reservoirs, in hospital environments, on medical devices, and to generate biofilms. Mortality related to this microorganism is high among immunosuppressed oncological patients and those with multiple hospitalizations and an extended stay in intensive care. There is a severe threat posed by the ability of biofilms to grow and resist antibiotics. Various nanotechnology-based strategies have been studied and developed to prevent and combat serious health problems caused by biofilm infections. The aim of this review was to evaluate the implications of nanotechnology in eradicating biofilms with KPC-producing , one of the bacteria most frequently associated with nosocomial infections in intensive care units, including in our department, and to highlight studies presenting the potential applicability of TiO nanocomposite materials in hospital practice. We also described the frequency of the presence of bacterial biofilms on medical surfaces, devices, and equipment. TiO nanocomposite coatings are one of the best long-term options for antimicrobial efficacy due to their biocompatibility, stability, corrosion resistance, and low cost; they find their applicability in hospital practice due to their critical antimicrobial role for surfaces and orthopedic and dental implants. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has recently classified titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) as possibly carcinogenic. Currently, there is an interest in the ecological, non-toxic synthesis of TiO nanoparticles via biological methods. Biogenic, non-toxic nanoparticles have remarkable properties due to their biocompatibility, stability, and size. Few studies have mentioned the use of nanoparticle-coated surfaces as antibiofilm agents. A literature review was performed to identify publications related to KPC-producing biofilms and antimicrobial TiO photocatalytic nanocomposite coatings. There are few reviews on the antibacterial and antibiofilm applications of TiO photocatalytic nanocomposite coatings. TiO nanoparticles demonstrated marked antibiofilm activity, but being nano in size, these nanoparticles can penetrate cell membranes and may initiate cellular toxicity and genotoxicity. Biogenic TiO nanoparticles obtained via green, ecological technology have less applicability but are actively investigated.
全球范围内多重耐药革兰氏阴性菌的增加是一个全球性威胁。产碳青霉烯酶（KPC）细菌的出现和全球传播尤其令人担忧。这种病原体在人类宿主、医院环境、医疗设备中持续存在的耐药性和能力增强，并且能够形成生物膜。在免疫抑制的肿瘤患者以及多次住院并长期入住重症监护病房的患者中，与这种微生物相关的死亡率很高。生物膜生长和对抗生素耐药的能力构成了严重威胁。已经研究和开发了各种基于纳米技术的策略来预防和对抗由生物膜感染引起的严重健康问题。本综述的目的是评估纳米技术在根除产KPC细菌生物膜方面的意义，产KPC细菌是重症监护病房（包括我们科室）最常与医院感染相关的细菌之一，并强调展示TiO纳米复合材料在医院实践中潜在适用性的研究。我们还描述了细菌生物膜在医疗表面、设备和器材上存在的频率。TiO纳米复合涂层由于其生物相容性、稳定性、耐腐蚀性和低成本，是抗菌效果最佳的长期选择之一；由于它们对表面以及骨科和牙科植入物具有关键的抗菌作用，因此在医院实践中得到应用。国际癌症研究机构最近将二氧化钛纳米颗粒（TiO NPs）归类为可能致癌物质。目前，人们对通过生物方法进行生态、无毒的TiO纳米颗粒合成感兴趣。生物源无毒纳米颗粒由于其生物相容性、稳定性和尺寸而具有显著特性。很少有研究提及使用纳米颗粒涂层表面作为抗生物膜剂。进行了文献综述以确定与产KPC细菌生物膜和抗菌TiO光催化纳米复合涂层相关的出版物。关于TiO光催化纳米复合涂层的抗菌和抗生物膜应用的综述很少。TiO纳米颗粒表现出显著的抗生物膜活性，但由于其纳米尺寸，这些纳米颗粒可以穿透细胞膜并可能引发细胞毒性和基因毒性。通过绿色生态技术获得的生物源TiO纳米颗粒适用性较小，但正在积极研究中。
