Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy.
Eur J Heart Fail. 2023 May;25(5):642-656. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.2819. Epub 2023 Apr 10.
The importance of chemoreflex function for cardiovascular health is increasingly recognized in clinical practice. The physiological function of the chemoreflex is to constantly adjust ventilation and circulatory control to match respiratory gases to metabolism. This is achieved in a highly integrated fashion with the baroreflex and the ergoreflex. The functionality of chemoreceptors is altered in cardiovascular diseases, causing unstable ventilation and apnoeas and promoting sympathovagal imbalance, and it is associated with arrhythmias and fatal cardiorespiratory events. In the last few years, opportunities to desensitize hyperactive chemoreceptors have emerged as potential options for treatment of hypertension and heart failure. This review summarizes up to date evidence of chemoreflex physiology/pathophysiology, highlighting the clinical significance of chemoreflex dysfunction, and lists the latest proof of concept studies based on modulation of the chemoreflex as a novel target in cardiovascular diseases.
化学感受器反射功能对心血管健康的重要性在临床实践中日益得到认可。化学感受器的生理功能是不断调整通气和循环控制，使呼吸气体与代谢相匹配。这是通过与压力反射和运动反射高度整合来实现的。在心血管疾病中，化学感受器的功能发生改变，导致通气不稳定和呼吸暂停，并促进交感神经迷走神经失衡，与心律失常和致命的心肺事件有关。在过去的几年中，使高反应性化学感受器脱敏的机会已经出现，作为治疗高血压和心力衰竭的潜在选择。本综述总结了化学感受器反射生理学/病理生理学的最新证据，强调了化学感受器功能障碍的临床意义，并列出了基于化学感受器调节的新概念研究，作为心血管疾病的一个新靶点。
