Department of Agronomy, PMAS - Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, PMAS - Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
BMC Plant Biol. 2023 Mar 13;23(1):137. doi: 10.1186/s12870-023-04145-7.
Seed shattering is a critical challenge that significantly reduces sesame production by 50%. These shattering losses can be reduced by selecting shattering resistant genotypes or by incorporating modern agronomic management such as paclobutrazol, which can boost productivity and prevent seed shattering in sesame. Two-years of field trials were conducted to examine the effect of sesame genotypes, environment, and paclobutrazol (PBZ) concentrations. Twelve sesame genotypes were used in a four-way factorial RCBD with three replications and five PBZ concentrations (T = Control; T = 150; T = 300; T = 450; and T = 600 mg L) under rainfed conditions of Pothwar. The findings revealed significant variations in the major effects of all examined variables (genotypes, locations, years, and PBZ levels). Sesame genotypes PI-154304 and PI-175907 had the highest plant height, number of capsule plant, seed capsule, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, and seed yield, while also having the lowest seed losses and shattering percentage. Regarding environments, NARC-Islamabad generated the highest plant height, number of capsule plant, shattering percentage, and biological yield; however, the URF-Koont produced the highest seed yield with the lowest shattering percentage. Additionally, plant height, capsules plant, and biological yield were higher in 2021, while seed capsule, 1000 seed weight, seed losses, shattering percentage, and seed yield were higher in 2020. PBZ concentration affected all measured parameters; plant height and number of seed capsule decreased with increasing PBZ concentrations. 450 mg L PBZ concentration generated the highest biomass, number of capsules plant, and seed yield. At the same time, PBZ concentration 600 mg L generated the smallest plant, the lowest seed capsules, the greatest thousand seed weight, and the lowest shattering percentage. The study concluded that paclobutrazol could dramatically reduce shattering percentage and shattering losses while increasing economic returns through better productivity. Based on the findings, the genotypes PI-154304 and PI-175907 with paclobutrazol level 450 mgL may be suggested for cultivation in Pothwar farming community under rainfed conditions, as they showed promising shattering resistance as well as enhanced growth and yield.
种子破碎是一个严重的问题，会导致芝麻产量减少 50%。通过选择抗破碎基因型或采用现代农业管理措施，如使用多效唑，可以降低破碎损失，提高芝麻生产力并防止种子破碎。本研究通过两年田间试验，研究了芝麻基因型、环境和多效唑浓度的影响。在 Pothwar 雨养条件下，采用四因素完全随机区组设计（RCBD），以 12 个芝麻基因型为试验材料，设 3 次重复，5 个多效唑浓度（T=对照；T=150；T=300；T=450；T=600mgL）。结果表明，所有考察变量（基因型、地点、年份和多效唑浓度）的主要效应均存在显著差异。PI-154304 和 PI-175907 基因型的株高、每株蒴果数、蒴果数、千粒重、生物产量和种子产量最高，而种子损失率和破碎率最低。就环境而言，NARC-Islamabad 产生的株高、每株蒴果数、破碎率和生物产量最高；然而，URF-Koont 的种子产量最高，破碎率最低。此外，2021 年株高、蒴果数和生物产量较高，而 2020 年种子蒴果数、千粒重、种子损失率、破碎率和种子产量较高。多效唑浓度对所有测定参数均有影响；随着多效唑浓度的增加，株高和蒴果数减少。450mgL 多效唑浓度产生的生物量、蒴果数和种子产量最高。同时，600mgL 多效唑浓度产生的植株最小，种子蒴果数最少，千粒重最大，破碎率最低。研究表明，多效唑可以通过提高生产力显著降低破碎率和破碎损失，从而提高经济效益。基于研究结果，建议在 Pothwar 雨养农业社区种植 PI-154304 和 PI-175907 基因型，并施加 450mgL 多效唑，因为它们表现出良好的抗破碎性以及增强的生长和产量。
