Department of Health Service Management, School of Health Service Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
School of Marxism, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Front Public Health. 2023 Feb 24;11:1115792. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1115792. eCollection 2023.
In China, medical workers in the primary sector shoulder the task of providing people with the basic medical and public health services, and are the "gatekeepers" of the public health. This study aims to analyze the current situation of job burnout among primary health workers of China, and shed light on the effect of work-family support and career identity on job burnout among them and their relationships. This may provide a new perspective for primary health care institutions and health administrative departments so as to formulate policies to "attract, retain and stabilize" primary health workers.
A multi-stage sampling method was adopted to select 8,135 primary health workers from 320 primary health care institutions in a province of central China. A descriptive statistical analysis, univariate analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and mediation effect analysis were applied to analyze the effects of work-family support and career identity on job burnout among primary health workers as well as the mediating role of career identity.
Among 8,135 primary health workers, 4,911 (60.4%) participants had mild to moderate levels of job burnout, 181 (2.2%) participants had severe job burnout, and the burnout detection rate is 62.6%. Work-family support was negatively correlated with job burnout ( = -0.46, < 0.01) and positively correlated with career identity ( = 0.42, < 0.01). Work-family support (β = -0.346, < 0.01) and career identity (β = -0.574, < 0.01) were negative predictors of job burnout respectively. In addition, career identity had a mediating effect between work-family support and job burnout, with the mediating effect contributing 33.7% to the overall effect.
The findings of this study demonstrate that work-family support is a protective factor against job burnout in primary health workers and reveal that career identity is a critical mediating mechanism linking work-family support to burnout. We propose to reduce job burnout by strengthening work-family support (especially work support), enhancing career identity, increasing the number of primary health workers and reducing the workload of existing incumbents, which can provide important practical implications for the future prevention and intervention programs.
在中国，基层医疗卫生工作者承担着为人民群众提供基本医疗和公共卫生服务的任务，是公共卫生的“守门人”。本研究旨在分析中国基层卫生工作者的职业倦怠现状，并探讨工作家庭支持和职业认同对其职业倦怠的影响及其关系。这可能为基层医疗卫生机构和卫生行政部门提供新的视角，以便制定“吸引、留住和稳定”基层卫生工作者的政策。
采用多阶段抽样方法，从中国中部某省的 320 家基层医疗卫生机构中选取 8135 名基层卫生工作者。采用描述性统计分析、单因素分析、Pearson 相关分析和中介效应分析，分析工作家庭支持和职业认同对基层卫生工作者职业倦怠的影响以及职业认同的中介作用。
在 8135 名基层卫生工作者中，有 4911 名（60.4%）参与者存在轻至中度职业倦怠，181 名（2.2%）参与者存在严重职业倦怠，倦怠检出率为 62.6%。工作家庭支持与职业倦怠呈负相关（r=-0.46，<0.01），与职业认同呈正相关（r=0.42，<0.01）。工作家庭支持（β=-0.346，<0.01）和职业认同（β=-0.574，<0.01）分别是职业倦怠的负向预测因子。此外，职业认同在工作家庭支持与职业倦怠之间具有中介作用，其中介效应占总效应的 33.7%。
本研究结果表明，工作家庭支持是基层卫生工作者职业倦怠的保护因素，并揭示了职业认同是工作家庭支持与倦怠关系的关键中介机制。我们建议通过加强工作家庭支持（尤其是工作支持）、增强职业认同、增加基层卫生工作者数量和减轻现有在岗人员的工作量来降低职业倦怠，这为未来的预防和干预计划提供了重要的实践意义。
