Physical Sciences, Landmark University, Omu Aran, Kwara, 251101, Nigeria.
Mathematics and Statistic, First Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria, 200103, Nigeria.
F1000Res. 2022 Oct 7;11:1145. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.123693.2. eCollection 2022.
Since the early 1980s, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its accompanying acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have spread worldwide, becoming one of the world's major global health issues. From the beginning of the epidemic until 2020, about 79.3 million people became infected, with 36.3 million deaths due to AIDS illnesses. This huge figure is a result of those unaware of their status due to stigmatization and invariably spreading the virus unknowingly. Qualitative analysis through a mathematical model that will address HIV unaware individuals and the effect of an increasing defaulter on the dynamics of HIV/AIDS was investigated. The impact of treatment and the effect of inefficient follow-up on the transmission of HIV/AIDS were examined. The threshold for the effective reduction of the unaware status of HIV through testing, in response to awareness, and the significance of effective non-defaulting in treatment commonly called defaulters loss to follow-up as these individuals contribute immensely to the spread of the virus due to their increase in CD4+ count was determined in this study. Stability analysis of equilibrium points is performed using the basic reproduction number $R_0$, an epidemiological threshold that determines disease eradication or persistence in viral populations. We tested the most sensitive parameters in the basic reproduction numbers. The results portray that early identification and treatment only are inadequate for the illness to be eradicated, but effectively used of condom, strict adherence to treatment and counseling of and testing of pregnant women contribute to a decrease in infected HIV individuals. Other control techniques, such as treatment adherence and effective condom usage, and reduction in vertical transmission cannot be over-emphasis to lessen the disease's burden. Policymakers must address these strategies through a series of public awareness campaigns about the dangers of not adhering to treatment procedures and patterns.
自 20 世纪 80 年代初以来，人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）及其伴随的获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）在全球范围内传播，成为全球主要的全球卫生问题之一。从疫情开始到 2020 年，约有 7930 万人感染，其中 3630 万人死于艾滋病。这个巨大的数字是由于那些由于污名化而不知道自己的状况，并且总是在不知不觉中传播病毒的人造成的。通过一个数学模型进行定性分析，该模型将解决不知道自己状况的 HIV 个体以及越来越多的违约者对 HIV/AIDS 动态的影响。研究了治疗的影响以及低效随访对 HIV/AIDS 传播的影响。通过测试来减少 HIV 检测的无意识状态的效果，针对意识，以及有效不违约在治疗中的意义，通常称为违约者失去后续治疗，因为这些人由于 CD4+计数的增加，对病毒的传播贡献巨大，确定了在这项研究中。通过基本繁殖数 $R_0$ 进行平衡点稳定性分析，这是一个决定病毒种群中疾病根除或持续存在的流行病学阈值。我们测试了基本繁殖数中最敏感的参数。结果表明，早期发现和治疗本身不足以消除疾病，但有效地使用避孕套、严格遵守治疗和对孕妇进行咨询和检测有助于减少感染 HIV 的个体。其他控制技术，如治疗依从性和有效使用避孕套，以及减少垂直传播，对于减轻疾病负担至关重要。政策制定者必须通过一系列关于不遵守治疗程序和模式的危险的公众意识运动来解决这些策略。
