Vergani Matteo, Perry Barbara, Freilich Joshua, Chermak Steven, Scrivens Ryan, Link Rouven
Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation Deakin University Burwood Victoria Australia.
Centre on Hate, Bias and Extremism Ontario Tech University Oshawa Ontario Canada.
Campbell Syst Rev. 2022 Apr 18;18(2):e1228. doi: 10.1002/cl2.1228. eCollection 2022 Jun.
The overallaim of the review is to map the definitions and measurement tools used to capture the whole spectrum of hate motivated behaviors, including hate crime, hate speech and hate incidents. This will benefit the field of hate studies by providing a baseline that can inform the building of cumulative knowledge and comparative research. The first review objective is to map definitions of hate crime, hate incidents, hate speech, and surrogate terms. Specific research questions underpinning this objective are: (a) How are hate crimes, hate speech and hate incidents defined in the academic, legal, policy, and programming literature?; (b) What are the concepts, parameters and criteria that qualify a behavior as being hate crime, hate incident or hate speech?; and (c) What are the most common concepts, parameters and criteria found across definitions? What are the differences between definitions and the elements they contain? The second review objective is to map the tools used to measure the prevalence of hate crime, hate incidents, hate speech, and surrogate terms. Specific research questions underpinning this objective are: (a) How are definitions operationalised to measure hate crimes, hate speech, and hate incidents?; and (b) How valid and reliable are these measures?
该综述的总体目标是梳理用于涵盖仇恨动机行为全范围的定义和测量工具，包括仇恨犯罪、仇恨言论和仇恨事件。这将通过提供一个可用于积累知识和开展比较研究的基线，使仇恨研究领域受益。第一个综述目标是梳理仇恨犯罪、仇恨事件、仇恨言论及替代术语的定义。支撑这一目标的具体研究问题包括：（a）在学术、法律、政策和规划文献中，仇恨犯罪、仇恨言论和仇恨事件是如何定义的？（b）将一种行为界定为仇恨犯罪、仇恨事件或仇恨言论的概念、参数和标准是什么？（c）不同定义中最常见的概念、参数和标准有哪些？定义及其所含要素之间有何差异？第二个综述目标是梳理用于测量仇恨犯罪、仇恨事件、仇恨言论及替代术语发生率的工具。支撑这一目标的具体研究问题包括：（a）如何将定义转化为可操作的方式来测量仇恨犯罪、仇恨言论和仇恨事件？（b）这些测量方法的有效性和可靠性如何？
