Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
University of Cambridge, UK.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2021 Feb;47(2):275-292. doi: 10.1177/0146167220922643. Epub 2020 May 27.
This article provides an examination of the structure of Islamophobia across cultures. Our novel measure-the Tripartite Islamophobia Scale (TIS)-embeds three theoretically and statistically grounded subcomponents of Islamophobia: anti-Muslim prejudice, anti-Islamic sentiment, and conspiracy beliefs. Across six samples (i.e., India, Poland, Germany, France, and the United States), preregistered analyses corroborated that these three subcomponents are statistically distinct. Measurement invariance analyses indicated full scalar invariance, suggesting that the tripartite understanding of Islamophobia is generalizable across cultural contexts. Furthermore, the subcomponents were partially dissociated in terms of the intergroup emotions they are predicted by as well as the intergroup outcomes they predict (e.g., dehumanization, ethnic persecution). For example, intergroup anger and disgust underpin Islamophobic attitudes, over and above the impact of fear. Finally, our results show that social dominance orientation (SDO) and ingroup identification moderate intergroup emotions and Islamophobia. We address both theoretical implications for the nature of Islamophobia and practical interventions to reduce it.
本文探讨了跨文化背景下的伊斯兰恐惧症结构。我们的新度量标准——三方伊斯兰恐惧症量表（TIS）——嵌入了三个基于理论和统计学的伊斯兰恐惧症亚成分：反穆斯林偏见、反伊斯兰情绪和阴谋信仰。在六个样本（即印度、波兰、德国、法国和美国）中，预先注册的分析证实了这三个亚成分在统计学上是不同的。测量不变性分析表明全标度不变性，这表明对伊斯兰恐惧症的三分理解具有跨文化背景的普遍性。此外，这些亚成分在它们所预测的群体间情绪以及它们所预测的群体间结果（例如，去人性化、种族迫害）方面存在部分分离。例如，群际愤怒和厌恶是伊斯兰恐惧症态度的基础，而不仅仅是恐惧的影响。最后，我们的结果表明，社会支配倾向（SDO）和内群体认同调节群际情绪和伊斯兰恐惧症。我们讨论了伊斯兰恐惧症性质的理论意义和减少它的实际干预措施。
