Department of Mathematics, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Department of Mathematics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 13;13(1):4117. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31151-4.
The temperature dependent thermophysical fluid properties have numerous aspects in different industries and engineering processes in which heat transmission is based on fluid flow. For such heat transmission processes, heat transmission system is highly fluctuated with variation of viscosity. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the transfer of heat in magnetized Carreau fluid with chemical reaction and under influence of thermal radiation over nonlinear stretching/shrinking surface. Additionally, we have incorporated variable heat dependent thermophysical properties to analyze the heat transfer in magnetized Carreau fluid. Set of flow governing non linear PDE's are obtained using Carreau fluid tensor and boundary layer approximation (BLA) theory. Dimensionless set of ODE's are obtained using suitable similarity transforms. Shooting method in conjunction with Newton's method have been utilized to solve the problem. It is noted that when stretching [Formula: see text] is significant with strictly increasing mass suction [Formula: see text] shear stress rate increase with minor levels and sharp increase has been observed in Nusselt number, whereas in shrinking case [Formula: see text] shear stress and heat transfer coefficient values are improved raising the value of [Formula: see text] mass suction. Further, raising the values of power law index [Formula: see text] produce reduced skin friction over stretching surface [Formula: see text] while skin friction dramatically enhance in shrinking case [Formula: see text]. It is observed that raising the non-linearity [Formula: see text] values for stretching or shrinking, skin friction and Nusselt number considerably improved. Moreover, computational outcomes of the study are validated with already published previous results and the results obtained in this study are found in good agreement.
温度相关的热物理流体性质在许多行业和工程过程中都有很多方面，其中传热是基于流体流动的。对于这种传热过程，由于粘度的变化，传热系统会发生很大的波动。因此，本研究的目的是研究在磁场中具有化学反应和热辐射影响的非线性拉伸/收缩表面上的 Carreau 流体的传热。此外，我们还将可变热依赖的热物理性质纳入到 Carreau 流体的传热分析中。使用 Carreau 流体张量和边界层近似 (BLA) 理论获得了流动控制的非线性偏微分方程组。使用合适的相似变换获得无量纲的 ODE 组。使用拍摄法和牛顿法结合求解问题。值得注意的是，当拉伸[公式：见文本]时，随着质量抽吸[公式：见文本]的严格增加，剪切应力速率会略有增加，努塞尔数会急剧增加，而在收缩情况下，[公式：见文本]剪切应力和传热系数值会提高，从而提高质量抽吸的[公式：见文本]值。此外，提高幂律指数[公式：见文本]会在拉伸表面[公式：见文本]上减少摩擦，而在收缩情况下摩擦会急剧增加。可以发现，提高拉伸或收缩的非线性[公式：见文本]值、摩擦和努塞尔数都会显著提高。此外，还验证了本研究的计算结果与已发表的先前结果的一致性，并且在本研究中得到的结果与良好的一致。
