National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences FAST Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt New Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt.
Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 15;13(1):6151. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32606-4.
Hybrid nanofluids are extensively analyzed in recent studies due to their better performance in numerous areas such as heat and mass transfer enhancement, biological fluid movement, medical equipment, heat exchangers, electronic cooling and automotive industry. In current study the nanoparticle concentration utilized is much important in biomedical industry. Major applications include drug delivery, radio-pharmaceuticals, centrifuging blood to obtain red blood cells and plasma, medical implants, onco therapeutics and photo thermal cancer therapy. In this regard, the primary focus of this study is to simulate a blood based unsteady hybrid nanofluid flow between two rotating, stretching disks and convective boundaries. The two nanoparticles in this study are uranium dioxide [Formula: see text] and multi-walled carbon nanotubes MWCNTs. The hybrid nanofluid is under the influence of magnetohydrodynamic effects and chemical reaction with activation energy. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using suitable similarity transform. Homotopy analysis method is used to solve the non-linear system of ODEs and [Formula: see text]-curves are plotted to find suitable region of [Formula: see text] for convergent series solution. Velocity profile is examined for axial, radial and tangential direction against various fluid parameters. Temperature and concentration profiles are analyzed for both convective and non-convective cases. It is observed that convective boundaries result in elevated temperature when compared with non-convective case. Moreover, skin friction, heat and mass transfer rates are also examined with respect to changing volume fraction [Formula: see text].The results revealed that skin friction and rate of heat transfer increases with increase in volume fraction of both nanoparticles [Formula: see text] and MWCNTs while the mass transfer rate depicts contrasting behavior.
混合纳米流体由于在许多领域（如传热和传质增强、生物流体运动、医疗设备、热交换器、电子冷却和汽车工业）的性能更好，因此在最近的研究中得到了广泛分析。在当前的研究中，纳米颗粒的浓度在生物医学工业中非常重要。主要应用包括药物输送、放射性药物、离心血液以获得红细胞和血浆、医疗植入物、肿瘤治疗和光热癌症治疗。在这方面，本研究的主要重点是模拟两个旋转、拉伸盘之间基于血液的非稳态混合纳米流体流动和对流边界。本研究中的两种纳米颗粒是二氧化铀 [Formula: see text] 和多壁碳纳米管 MWCNTs。混合纳米流体受到磁流体动力学效应和化学反应的影响，同时具有激活能。控制偏微分方程 (PDE) 使用合适的相似变换转化为常微分方程 (ODE)。同伦分析方法用于求解非线性 ODE 系统，并绘制 [Formula: see text]-曲线以找到收敛级数解的合适区域 [Formula: see text]。速度分布针对轴向、径向和切向方向进行了各种流体参数的检查。对对流和非对流两种情况的温度和浓度分布进行了分析。结果表明，与非对流情况相比，对流边界会导致温度升高。此外，还研究了随着体积分数 [Formula: see text] 的变化，摩擦、热和传质速率的变化。结果表明，随着两种纳米颗粒 [Formula: see text] 和 MWCNTs 体积分数的增加，摩擦和传热速率增加，而传质速率则呈现相反的行为。
