Awe Yemisi Tosin, Sangodoyin Abimbola Yisau, Ogundiran Mary Bosede
Environmental Management Program, Pan African University Institute of Life and Earth Sciences (Including Health and Agriculture), University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Environ Anal Health Toxicol. 2022 Dec;37(4):e2022035-0. doi: 10.5620/eaht.2022035. Epub 2022 Nov 10.
The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence and distribution of organophosphate compounds residue in soil, surface water, sediment, and banana crops in Araromi farm settlement, Osun State, Nigeria. Organophosphate pesticide residues were determined using a gas chromatography equipped with Flame-Ionization Detection (GC-FID) in 16 soil samples from cocoa and banana farms, 6 water and sediment samples each, and 8 banana samples from 4 farms in the study site. Fourteen organophosphate compounds were detected (acephate, omethoate, dementon-s-methyl, dimethoate, tolcofos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl, malathion, chlorpyrifos, methidathion, prothiofos, profenofos, ethion, azinphos-methyl and pyrazophos). Tolclofos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl and prothiofos were detected in all the soil and sediment samples with concentration ranges of 1.9-12.9, 2.25-6.98 and 3.38-9.89 mg/kg respectively in soil and 8.13-9.83, 2.82-25.1 and 3.70-19.5 mg/kg respectively in sediment. Dimethoate, pirimiphos-methyl and prothiofos with concentration ranges, 0.06-0.28, 0.09-0.18 and 0.16-6.11 mg/L respectively were mostly detected in water samples while dimethoate, tolcofos-methyl, malathion, methidathion, prothiofos, ethion and azinphos-methyl compounds were detected in all the banana samples with concentration ranges, 3.40-12.0, 1.82-6.26, 5.73-9.48, 29.7-145, 8.24-20.1, 3.87-9.35 and 3.66-12.2 mg/kg respectively. The organophosphate mean residue concentrations were mostly significantly higher than the Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) at p<0.05. Across the three samples, only pirimiphos-methyl was significantly higher in water samples, omethoate in sediment; acephate, dementon-s-methyl and chlorpyrifos in banana were also not significantly higher at p<0.05. A strong positive significant correlation was observed between the organophosphate compounds in the banana and water samples (R=0.77, p=0.002) at p<0.05. The occurrence of organophosphate compounds in concentrations above MRLs may pose serious environmental and health risks.
本研究的目的是评估尼日利亚奥孙州阿拉罗米农场定居点土壤、地表水、沉积物和香蕉作物中有机磷化合物残留的发生情况和分布。使用配备火焰离子化检测（GC-FID）的气相色谱法测定了来自可可和香蕉农场的16个土壤样品、6个水样和6个沉积物样品以及研究地点4个农场的8个香蕉样品中的有机磷农药残留。检测到14种有机磷化合物（乙酰甲胺磷、氧乐果、甲基内吸磷、乐果、甲基立枯磷、甲基嘧啶磷、马拉硫磷、毒死蜱、杀扑磷、丙硫磷、丙溴磷、乙硫磷、甲基谷硫磷和吡唑硫磷）。在所有土壤和沉积物样品中均检测到甲基立枯磷、甲基嘧啶磷和丙硫磷，土壤中的浓度范围分别为1.9-12.9、2.25-6.98和3.38-9.89 mg/kg，沉积物中的浓度范围分别为8.13-9.83、2.82-25.1和3.70-19.5 mg/kg。水样中主要检测到乐果、甲基嘧啶磷和丙硫磷，浓度范围分别为0.06-0.28、0.09-0.18和0.16-6.11 mg/L，而所有香蕉样品中均检测到乐果、甲基立枯磷、马拉硫磷、杀扑磷、丙硫磷、乙硫磷和甲基谷硫磷化合物，浓度范围分别为3.40-12.0、1.82-6.26、5.73-9.48、29.7-145、8.24-20.1、3.87-9.35和3.66-12.2 mg/kg。有机磷平均残留浓度大多显著高于最大残留限量（MRL），p<0.05。在这三种样品中，仅水样中的甲基嘧啶磷、沉积物中的氧乐果、香蕉中的乙酰甲胺磷、甲基内吸磷和毒死蜱在p<0.05时也没有显著升高。在p<0.05时，香蕉和水样中的有机磷化合物之间观察到强正显著相关性（R=0.77，p=0.002）。浓度高于MRLs的有机磷化合物的出现可能会带来严重的环境和健康风险。
