Institute of Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of "Hasan Prishtina," Prishtina, Kosovo.
Paediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Units and Nurse Research Group, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Children's Hospital; and IMIB Biomedical Research Institute, Murcia, Spain.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2023 Mar 1;51(2):59-70. doi: 10.15586/aei.v51i2.781. eCollection 2023.
Very limited information is available on the prevalence and risk factors of asthma in adolescents in Kosovo, and no study has previously addressed the role of Human Development Index (HDI) on asthma in the region. The present study addresses these two issues.
Following the Global Asthma Network (GAN) methodology, a cross-sectional survey, through standardised self-completed questionnaires, was conducted in the following six centres of Kosovo: Ferizaj, Gjakova, Gjilan, Peja, Prishtina and Prizren. Current asthma symptoms (CAS) and severe current asthma symptoms (sCAS) were defined according to the GAN standards. Environmental questionnaire inquired about gender, exercise, screening time, siblings, truck traffic, use of paracetamol, pet ownership, and smoking habits. Height and weight were also measured. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed in each centre along with meta-analyses to summarise the overall effects of each factor in the centres as a whole. Meta-regression of the prevalence rates was calculated using HDI as a moderator.
Participation rate was high (80.0-99.9%). Prevalence of CAS ranged from 4.6% to 11.3%, and sCAS from 1.7% to 4.5%. Factors associated with CAS were exercise, computer time, paracetamol use and dog ownership. sCAS was associated with paracetamol use and physical exercise. HDI explained 46% and 80% of prevalence variability of CAS and sCAS between centres, respectively.
Prevalence of CAS and sCAS in Kosovo varies highly between centres. This variability is explained partly by HDI. Individual risk factors are common, with some determined in other studies conducted in other regions.
有关科索沃青少年哮喘的患病率和危险因素的信息非常有限，以前也没有研究探讨人类发展指数（HDI）对该地区哮喘的影响。本研究旨在解决这两个问题。
本研究采用全球哮喘网络（GAN）的方法，通过标准化的自我完成问卷，在科索沃的六个中心进行了横断面调查：费里扎伊、盖克瓦、吉兰、佩奇、普里什蒂纳和普里兹伦。根据 GAN 标准，定义了当前哮喘症状（CAS）和严重当前哮喘症状（sCAS）。环境问卷询问了性别、运动、筛查时间、兄弟姐妹、卡车交通、使用对乙酰氨基酚、宠物拥有情况和吸烟习惯。还测量了身高和体重。在每个中心进行了多变量逻辑回归分析，并进行了荟萃分析，以总结各中心所有因素的总体影响。使用 HDI 作为调节变量计算了患病率的荟萃回归。
参与率很高（80.0-99.9%）。CAS 的患病率范围为 4.6%至 11.3%，sCAS 的患病率范围为 1.7%至 4.5%。与 CAS 相关的因素包括运动、电脑时间、使用对乙酰氨基酚和拥有狗。sCAS 与使用对乙酰氨基酚和体育锻炼有关。HDI 分别解释了中心之间 CAS 和 sCAS 患病率变异的 46%和 80%。
科索沃各中心 CAS 和 sCAS 的患病率差异很大。这种变异性部分由 HDI 解释。常见的个体危险因素，其中一些在其他地区进行的其他研究中已经确定。
