Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico.
Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
BMJ Open Respir Res. 2020 Dec;7(1). doi: 10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000658.
Global Asthma Network (GAN) was established in 2012 as a development to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood to improve asthma care globally.
To survey asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in primary and secondary school children and to investigate and evaluate its prevalence, severity, management and risk factors in Mexico.
GAN Phase I is a cross-sectional, multicentre survey carried out in 15 centres corresponding to 14 Mexican cities throughout 2016-2019 using the validated Spanish language version of the GAN Phase I questionnaires. The questionnaires were completed by parents of 6-7-year-old primary school pupils (school children) and by 13-14-year-old adolescents.
A total of 35 780 school children and 41 399 adolescents participated. Wheezing ever prevalence was 26.2% (95% CI 25.8% to 26.7%) in school children and 23.9% (95% CI 23.4% to 24.3%) in adolescents. The corresponding frequencies for current wheeze were 10.2% (95% CI 9.9% to 10.5%) and 11.6% (95% CI 11.2% to 11.9%). In school children, the risk factors for current wheeze were rhinitis (OR 4.484; 95% CI 3.915% to 5.134%) and rash symptoms (OR 1.735; 95% CI 1.461% to 2.059%). For adolescents, rhinitis symptoms (OR 3.492; 95% CI 3.188% to 3.825%) and allergic rhinitis diagnosis (OR 2.144; 95% CI 1.787% to 2.572%) were the most significant. For both groups, there was a negative relation with centres' sea level altitude higher than 1500 m above mean sea level (p<0.005).
The most important risk factors for asthma symptoms in both age groups were the presence of rhinitis and rash symptoms or diagnosis. On the other hand, sea level altitude higher than 1500 metres was a protective factor.
全球哮喘网络（GAN）成立于 2012 年，是儿童国际哮喘和过敏研究的发展，旨在改善全球的哮喘护理。
调查墨西哥小学生的哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎，并调查和评估其患病率、严重程度、管理和危险因素。
GAN 第一阶段是一项在 2016 年至 2019 年期间在 15 个中心进行的横断面、多中心调查，这些中心对应于墨西哥 14 个城市的 14 个中心，使用 GAN 第一阶段经过验证的西班牙语版本问卷。家长完成了 6-7 岁小学生（在校学生）和 13-14 岁青少年的问卷调查。
共有 35780 名小学生和 41399 名青少年参加了调查。在校学生中，过去一年喘息的患病率为 26.2%（95%CI 25.8%至 26.7%），青少年为 23.9%（95%CI 23.4%至 24.3%）。当前喘息的相应频率为 10.2%（95%CI 9.9%至 10.5%）和 11.6%（95%CI 11.2%至 11.9%）。在校学生中，当前喘息的危险因素是鼻炎（OR 4.484；95%CI 3.915%至 5.134%）和皮疹症状（OR 1.735；95%CI 1.461%至 2.059%）。对于青少年，鼻炎症状（OR 3.492；95%CI 3.188%至 3.825%）和过敏性鼻炎诊断（OR 2.144；95%CI 1.787%至 2.572%）是最重要的。对于这两个群体，中心海拔高于平均海平面 1500 米以上与哮喘症状呈负相关（p<0.005）。
在这两个年龄组中，哮喘症状最重要的危险因素是鼻炎和皮疹症状或诊断。另一方面，海拔高于 1500 米是一个保护因素。
