蛋白质-碳水化合物与单独碳水化合物补充对耐力运动员免疫炎症标志物的影响：一项随机对照试验。
Effects of protein-carbohydrate vs. carbohydrate alone supplementation on immune inflammation markers in endurance athletes: a randomized controlled trial.
机构信息
Department of Education, Research and Evaluation Methods, Comillas Pontifical University, Madrid, Spain.
Exercise Physiology Group, School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Carretera Pozuelo a Majadahonda, Km 1.800, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
出版信息
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2023 Jul;123(7):1495-1505. doi: 10.1007/s00421-023-05168-6. Epub 2023 Mar 14.
PURPOSE
The impact of ingesting carbohydrates alone or combined with proteins to support exercise immune adaptation in endurance athletes is scarcely investigated. The present study compares the effect of ingesting a combined protein-carbohydrate supplement vs. a carbohydrate-only supplement post-workout on immune inflammation markers following a 10 week periodized endurance training program in well-trained athletes.
METHODS
Twenty-five men completed the study after being randomly assigned to one of the following intervention groups: combined protein-carbohydrate (PRO-CHO n = 12, 31 ± 9 years, [Formula: see text]O 61.0 ± 5.6 mlkg.min) or non-protein isoenergetic carbohydrate (CHO, n = 13, 33 ± 8 years, [Formula: see text]O 60.6 ± 6.9 mlkg.min). Treatment consisted of ingesting 24 g of assigned supplement, mixed with 250 ml of orange juice, once a day for 10 weeks immediately post-workout (or before breakfast on non-training days). Measurements were conducted pre- and post-intervention on total leukocytes, leukocyte subsets (i.e., neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes), and platelets. The inflammatory status was assessed by the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the systemic-immune inflammation index (SII).
RESULTS
Post-intervention, significant increases were observed for CHO group only for the three inflammatory markers: NLR (p = 0.050, d = 0.58), PLR (p = 0.041, d = 0.60), and SII (p = 0.004, d = 0.81) but not for PRO-CHO (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Ingesting a post-workout protein-carbohydrate combined beverage promoted a more favourable immune status than carbohydrate-only ingestion by attenuating cellular inflammation over a 10 week training period in endurance male athletes.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov with the following ID: NCT02954367. The study was registered by 3 November 2016.
目的
单独摄入碳水化合物或与蛋白质结合来支持耐力运动员的运动免疫适应的影响尚未得到充分研究。本研究比较了在经过 10 周的周期性耐力训练计划后，运动后摄入混合蛋白-碳水化合物补充剂与仅摄入碳水化合物补充剂对免疫炎症标志物的影响，对象为训练有素的运动员。
方法
25 名男性完成了这项研究，他们被随机分配到以下干预组中的一组：混合蛋白-碳水化合物（PRO-CHO，n=12，31±9 岁，[公式：见文本]O 61.0±5.6mlkg.min）或非蛋白等能量碳水化合物（CHO，n=13，33±8 岁，[公式：见文本]O 60.6±6.9mlkg.min）。治疗包括每天运动后立即（或非训练日的早餐前）摄入 24 克指定补充剂，与 250 毫升橙汁混合，持续 10 周。在干预前后测量白细胞总数、白细胞亚群（即中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞）和血小板。通过中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、血小板与淋巴细胞比值（PLR）和全身免疫炎症指数（SII）评估炎症状态。
结果
干预后，仅 CHO 组的三个炎症标志物显著增加：NLR（p=0.050，d=0.58）、PLR（p=0.041，d=0.60）和 SII（p=0.004，d=0.81），但 PRO-CHO 组无显著变化（p>0.05）。
结论
在耐力男性运动员中，摄入运动后混合蛋白-碳水化合物饮料比仅摄入碳水化合物更能促进更有利的免疫状态，因为它能减轻细胞炎症，这种效果在 10 周的训练期间持续存在。
临床试验注册号
本研究在 ClinicalTrials.gov 注册，注册号为：NCT02954367。研究于 2016 年 11 月 3 日注册。
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