Department of Biomedicine and Biomolecular, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia.
Med Arch. 2023 Feb;77(1):34-39. doi: 10.5455/medarh.2023.77.34-39.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients suffer renal and cardiovascular problems and early death. In 2016, 13.4% of all ages globally had CKD. Kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension have a microvascular component. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) commonly occur concurrently, indicating that the same mechanisms may be at action in the eyes and kidneys. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been a tough medical problem because of late signs and late treatment. Retinal vessels are a non-invasive technique to examine systemic microvasculature. Novel predictors may enhance microvascular disease risk categorization, leading to better therapy. Retinal vascular diameter and retinopathy are reported most often. Numerous investigations have linked this condition to kidney or other systemic disorders. The retinal microvasculature was linked with both the incidence and prevalence of renal illness in this investigation. We wanted to determine whether retinal microvasculature might be utilized to diagnose renal disease.
Initial searching found 625 papers, of which 542 articles were rejected due to primary screening unrelated titles and/or abstracts. There were a total of 81 papers selected for full-text evaluation and due to insufficient data provided and duplication, we got 5 papers to enter the next step.
In five investigations, retinal microvascular symptoms correlated with albuminuria. All studies connected retinal vascular diameter with albuminuria. As a categorical variable, CRAE narrowed. There was a U-shaped relationship between CRAE and albuminuria in quintiles 1 and 5. There were relationship between albuminuria to a larger CRVE and a narrower CRAE. Studies relate AVR to albuminuria were associated as well.
Our investigation demonstrated retinal vascular symptoms are linked to renal illness. Retinopathy correlates with CKD and ESRD in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Evidence linking retinal vascular width to early renal disease implies fundus photography might be a useful screening technique for CKD patients. Insufficient evidence links retinal vascular diameter to kidney-related morbidity and death. Future studies should stratify by age, gender, obesity, hypertension, ethnicity, and others.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者同时遭受肾脏和心血管问题以及早逝的困扰。2016 年，全球所有年龄段中有 13.4%的人患有 CKD。肾脏疾病、糖尿病和高血压都有微血管成分。糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）和糖尿病肾病（DN）通常同时发生，这表明相同的机制可能同时作用于眼睛和肾脏。慢性肾脏病（CKD）由于晚期症状和晚期治疗而成为一个严峻的医学问题。视网膜血管是检查系统性微血管的一种非侵入性技术。新型预测因子可能会增强微血管疾病风险分类，从而改善治疗效果。视网膜血管直径和视网膜病变报告最为常见。大量研究将这种情况与肾脏或其他系统性疾病联系起来。在这项研究中，视网膜微血管与肾脏疾病的发病率和患病率都有关联。我们想确定视网膜微血管是否可用于诊断肾脏疾病。
最初的搜索发现了 625 篇论文，但由于主要筛选出不相关的标题和/或摘要，其中 542 篇文章被排除。共有 81 篇文章被选入全文评估，由于提供的数据不足和重复，我们有 5 篇文章进入下一步。
在五项研究中，视网膜微血管症状与白蛋白尿相关。所有研究均将视网膜血管直径与白蛋白尿联系起来。作为一个分类变量，CRAE 变窄。在五分位数 1 和 5 中，CRAE 与白蛋白尿呈 U 型关系。CRVE 较大和 CRAE 较窄与白蛋白尿有关。与 AVR 相关的研究也与白蛋白尿有关。
我们的研究表明视网膜血管症状与肾脏疾病有关。糖尿病和非糖尿病患者的视网膜病变与 CKD 和 ESRD 相关。将视网膜血管宽度与早期肾脏疾病联系起来的证据表明眼底摄影可能是 CKD 患者的一种有用的筛查技术。视网膜血管直径与肾脏相关发病率和死亡率之间的关联证据不足。未来的研究应按年龄、性别、肥胖、高血压、种族等因素进行分层。
