Min J, Yeh Y-C, Harvey I S
College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Graduate and Professional School, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
JAR Life. 2022 May 25;11:14-19. doi: 10.14283/jarlife.2022.3. eCollection 2022.
Aging is characterized by the decline in physical health, functional status, and loss of social roles and relationships that can challenge the quality of life. Social well-being may help explain how aging individuals experience declining physical health and social relationships. Despite the high prevalence of chronic conditions among older adults, research exploring the relationship between social well-being and chronic disease is sparse.
The study aims were to investigate the relationship between social well-being and psychological factors (e.g., perceived control, life satisfaction, self-esteem, active coping, optimism, and religious coping) by chronic condition in older adults.
Cross-sectional study.
The current study comprises older adults (N = 1,251, aged ≥ 65 y) who participated in the third wave of the National Survey of Midlife in the United States (i.e., MIDUS).
MIDUS was conducted on a random-digit-dial sample of community-dwelling, English-speaking adults.
Six instruments representing psychological resources (life satisfaction, perceived control, self-esteem, optimism, active coping, and religious coping) and five dimensions of social well-being (social actualization, social coherence, social acceptance, social contribution, social integration) were measured. An index of chronic disease comprised of self-reported data whether they had received a physician's diagnosis for any chronic conditions over the past year.
The findings indicated that the individuals without chronic conditions had significantly higher social integration, social acceptance, and social contribution scores than the individuals with chronic conditions (t = 2.26, p < 0.05, t = 2.85, p < 0.01, and t = 2.23, p < 0.05, respectively). For individuals diagnosed with more than one chronic condition, perceived control, self-esteem, and optimism were positively related to their social well-being (β = .33, p < .001, β = .17, p < .001, and β = .33, p < .001, respectively).
Findings suggested that older adults with multiple chronic conditions have a decrease in social well-being. Chronic disease management programs may help increase social well-being among individuals with multiple chronic conditions.
衰老的特征是身体健康下降、功能状态减退以及社会角色和人际关系丧失，这些都会对生活质量构成挑战。社会幸福感或许有助于解释老年人如何经历身体健康和社会关系的衰退。尽管慢性病在老年人中普遍存在，但探索社会幸福感与慢性病之间关系的研究却很稀少。
本研究旨在按慢性病情况调查老年人社会幸福感与心理因素（如感知控制、生活满意度、自尊、积极应对、乐观主义和宗教应对）之间的关系。
横断面研究。
本研究纳入了参与美国中年人大规模调查（即MIDUS）第三轮调查的老年人（N = 1251，年龄≥65岁）。
MIDUS是对社区居住、讲英语的成年人进行随机数字拨号抽样调查。
测量了代表心理资源的六种工具（生活满意度、感知控制、自尊、乐观主义、积极应对和宗教应对）以及社会幸福感的五个维度（社会实现、社会连贯、社会接纳、社会贡献、社会融合）。慢性病指数由自我报告数据组成，即过去一年他们是否接受过医生对任何慢性病的诊断。
研究结果表明，无慢性病的个体在社会融合、社会接纳和社会贡献方面的得分显著高于患有慢性病的个体（t分别为2.26，p < 0.05；t为2.85，p < 0.01；t为2.23，p < 0.05）。对于被诊断患有多种慢性病的个体，感知控制、自尊和乐观主义与他们的社会幸福感呈正相关（β分别为0.33，p < 0.001；β为0.17，p < 0.001；β为0.33，p < 0.001）。
研究结果表明，患有多种慢性病的老年人社会幸福感较低。慢性病管理项目可能有助于提高患有多种慢性病个体的社会幸福感。
