McGovern Thomas W, Kaminskas David A, Fernandes Eustace S
Mohs and Reconstructive Surgery, Fort Wayne Dermatology Consultants, Fort Wayne, IN, USA.
Department of Cardiology, Lutheran Health Physicians, Fort Wayne, IN, USA.
Linacre Q. 2023 Feb;90(1):64-79. doi: 10.1177/00243639221116217. Epub 2022 Aug 22.
A majority of medical and lay articles regarding crucifixion, and specifically the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, now state that suffocation was the primary cause of death from crucifixion. An in-depth analysis reveals that this theory is based on a form of torture unrelated to crucifixion and that no evidence directly linking suffocation to crucifixion has been published. Indeed, a thorough review of available ancient evidence from literature, artwork, graffiti, and modern archeology and re-enactment studies reveals no evidence in favor of suffocation and much evidence against suffocation as the cause of death in typically-portrayed crucifixions, and particularly for the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. Researchers are encouraged to look elsewhere for the most likely cause or causes of death from crucifixion. It may be time to abandon the idea that suffocation was the primary cause of death in crucifixion.
现在，大多数关于钉十字架刑罚，特别是耶稣基督被钉十字架的医学和通俗文章都指出，窒息是钉十字架刑罚导致死亡的主要原因。深入分析表明，这一理论基于一种与钉十字架刑罚无关的酷刑形式，而且尚未发表任何将窒息与钉十字架刑罚直接联系起来的证据。事实上，对来自文学、艺术作品、涂鸦以及现代考古学和重演研究的现有古代证据进行全面审查后发现，没有证据支持窒息是典型描绘的钉十字架刑罚中死亡原因的观点，而有很多证据反对窒息是死亡原因，尤其是对于耶稣基督被钉十字架的情况。鼓励研究人员从其他方面寻找钉十字架刑罚导致死亡最可能的一个或多个原因。或许是时候摒弃窒息是钉十字架刑罚中死亡主要原因这一观点了。
