Habermas Gary, Kopel Jonathan, Shaw Benjamin C F
John W. Rawlings School of Divinity, Liberty University, Lynchburg, Virginia.
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas.
Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2021 Jul 30;34(6):748-752. doi: 10.1080/08998280.2021.1951096. eCollection 2021.
The death of Jesus Christ remains a pivotal moment in world history and a symbol of love, mercy, and courage across the globe. Yet for centuries, the manner of Jesus' death has remained a subject of controversy in academic and medical circles. Forensic pathologists and clinicians have argued for several hypotheses concerning Jesus' death, including pulmonary embolism, cardiac rupture, suspension trauma, asphyxiation, fatal stab wound, and shock. This article surveys a broad range of medical and other specialist views regarding Jesus' experience on the cross, concluding that asphyxiation or asphyxiation-dominant theories have emerged as the consensus position regarding the cause of Jesus' death. Two features of this article are significant. First, it provides a rich resource of different medical opinions regarding the effects of Jesus' crucifixion. Second, and more importantly, the survey results show that, perhaps less similar to crucifixion , there is a growing consensus regarding cause of death by medical professionals. A table maps these results, summarizing for those in the medical field as well as historians and theologians what medical professionals consider to be the cause of Jesus' death.
耶稣基督的死亡仍然是世界历史上的一个关键时刻，也是全球爱、怜悯和勇气的象征。然而，几个世纪以来，耶稣的死亡方式在学术界和医学界一直是一个有争议的话题。法医病理学家和临床医生针对耶稣的死亡提出了几种假说，包括肺栓塞、心脏破裂、悬吊创伤、窒息、致命刺伤和休克。本文综述了关于耶稣在十字架上经历的广泛医学及其他专业观点，得出结论认为，窒息或以窒息为主导的理论已成为关于耶稣死因的共识性观点。本文有两个显著特点。其一，它提供了关于耶稣被钉十字架影响的丰富多样的医学观点资源。其二，更重要的是，调查结果表明，也许与钉十字架情况不太相似的是，医学专业人员对于死因的看法正日益达成共识。一张表格呈现了这些结果，为医学领域人士以及历史学家和神学家总结了医学专业人员所认为的耶稣的死因。
