Talema Abebe Hambe, Nigusie Wubshet Berhanu
Ethiopian Institute of Architecture, Building Construction and City Development, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2023 Feb 25;9(3):e14061. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14061. eCollection 2023 Mar.
In most African countries, including Ethiopia, there is growing interest in the need to comprehend the connection between urban expansion and farmers' livelihoods. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of urban expansion on the livelihoods of expropriated farmers in Burayu, Ethiopia. In addition to the paired Sample T-Test model, we used the mixed research approach and the sustainable livelihood framework as analytical tools to understand the links and coping strategies. The analysis of the different urban expansion parameters revealed that the expansion was driven mainly due to increase in investment (56.3%) and as a result of the designation of the town as an industrial development corridor at country level by the government. On average, 42.19% of respondents were entirely expropriated and evicted while the majority of respondents (57.81%) only lost part of their agricultural land. According to a logistic regression analysis, women's economic position was 13.71 times more likely to improve than men's following urbanization (AOR = 13.71, 95%: 1.61-116.79). In comparison to their counterparts, those without employment opportunities had a 98% lower likelihood of improving after urbanization (AOR = 0.02, 95%: 0.00-0.56). The findings of this research indicated that urban biased policy and policy actions drive informal developments. To make urban expansion orderly and sustainable, development policies need to be comprehensive; the expropriation process should be transparent and participatory and livelihood restoration plan should be part of the urban expansion scheme. The adoption of the framework for sustainable livelihood as an analytical tool in urban settings is one of the novel contributions of the study.
在包括埃塞俄比亚在内的大多数非洲国家，人们越来越关注理解城市扩张与农民生计之间联系的必要性。本研究的目的是评估城市扩张对埃塞俄比亚布亚鲁被征用农民生计的影响。除了配对样本T检验模型外，我们还使用混合研究方法和可持续生计框架作为分析工具，以理解其中的联系和应对策略。对不同城市扩张参数的分析表明，扩张主要是由于投资增加（56.3%）以及政府将该镇指定为国家级工业发展走廊所致。平均而言，42.19%的受访者被完全征用和驱逐，而大多数受访者（57.81%）仅失去了部分农业用地。根据逻辑回归分析，城市化后女性经济地位改善的可能性是男性的13.71倍（优势比=13.71，95%：1.61 - 116.79）。与同龄人相比，没有就业机会的人在城市化后改善的可能性低98%（优势比=0.02，95%：0.00 - 0.56）。本研究结果表明，城市偏向政策和政策行动推动了非正规发展。为使城市扩张有序且可持续，发展政策需要全面；征用过程应透明且具有参与性，生计恢复计划应成为城市扩张计划的一部分。在城市环境中采用可持续生计框架作为分析工具是本研究的新贡献之一。
