FEM thermal assessment of a 3-D irregular tumor with capillaries in magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia via dissimilar injection points.

In this study, simulation of magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia is performed on a 3D tumor model constructed based on a CT image of a tumor. In the first step, magnetic nanoparticles are injected into two points of the tumor tissue with the same parameters. Results show that temperature profiles in the vicinity of the injection points are not similar due to the presence of blood capillaries. Therefore, the effects of using dissimilar injection parameters for the two injection points on the heating pattern and damage fraction of the tumor are investigated. The results demonstrate that using dissimilar values for injection parameters such as injection rate, injection time, and nanofluid volume fraction is a way to achieve a higher damage fraction of the tumor cells, but, the asynchronous injections strategy does not lead to more significant damage to the tumor. None of the cases showed significant improvement in the uniformity of the temperature distribution, suggesting that conducting injections under the same conditions is the best way to create an almost uniform temperature profile. The numerical simulation validation results also advocate the accuracy of the model used in this study. This research can serve as a guide for designing parameters for future studies.