Rockstroh B, Johnen M, Elbert T, Lutzenberger W, Birbaumer N, Rudolph K, Ostwald J, Schnitzler H U
Department of Clinical and Physiological Psychology, University of Tübingen, FRG.
Int J Neurosci. 1987 Dec;37(3-4):169-82. doi: 10.3109/00207458708987145.
Autonomic and central nervous indices of the orienting response (OR) were investigated in awake human subjects and sleeping rats. Ten acoustic stimuli of 60 dB and two stimuli of 80 dB were presented for 10 s each with a constant interstimulus interval of 50 s. Responses were averaged across subjects for each single trial. An exponential fit to scores of each physiological variable was used to compare OR, habituation and dishabituation between samples and variables. An OR to the first stimulus, habituation of response amplitude, and dishabituation in response to the change in stimulus intensity were observed for event-related EEG desynchronization, a negative-positive evoked potential complex in humans and rats, as well as for skin conductance in humans. While heart rate did not show systematic changes across the 60 dB tones in both samples, a deceleration was observed in response to the first 80 dB tone. Results suggest comparable patterns of orienting to acoustic stimuli and habituation of the OR in the awake human and the sleeping rat, suggesting the possibility of OR as a unitary response. Species differed with respect to speed of habituation but not with respect to sensitivity towards stimulus change.
在清醒的人类受试者和睡眠中的大鼠身上研究了定向反应（OR）的自主神经和中枢神经指标。呈现了10个60分贝的听觉刺激和2个80分贝的刺激，每个刺激持续10秒，刺激间隔恒定为50秒。对每个单次试验的受试者反应进行平均。使用对每个生理变量得分的指数拟合来比较样本和变量之间的OR、习惯化和去习惯化。对于事件相关脑电图去同步化、人类和大鼠中的正负诱发电位复合体以及人类的皮肤电导，观察到对第一个刺激的OR、反应幅度的习惯化以及对刺激强度变化的去习惯化。虽然在两个样本中，心率在60分贝音调期间未显示出系统性变化，但在对第一个80分贝音调的反应中观察到减速。结果表明，清醒人类和睡眠大鼠对听觉刺激的定向模式以及OR的习惯化具有可比性，这表明OR作为一种统一反应的可能性。不同物种在习惯化速度上存在差异，但在对刺激变化的敏感性方面没有差异。
