Gomes de Macedo Bacurau Aldiane, Armenio Moreira Ferreira Juliana, Garcia Vianna Núbia, Carvalho Malta Deborah, Stolses Bergamo Francisco Priscila Mª
Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Campinas (São Paulo). Brasil.
Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Belo Horizonte (Minas Gerais). Brasil.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2023 Mar 16;97:e202303020.
Hearing is one of the essential senses for communication and its loss can impact the functional status, quality of life, cognitive functions, and well-being of people. The study objectives were to project the absolute number of older adults with hearing impairment in Brazil; and to estimate the prevalence of acquired hearing impairment and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, self-rated health, and chronic diseases.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Brazil with data from individuals (fifty-five years or older) from the 2013 National Health Survey (n=15,393). Prevalence was estimated with confidence intervals of 95%; associations were verified using the chi-square test (Rao-Scott) with a significance level of 5%. To assess the relationship between hearing impairment and chronic diseases, Poisson regression was used.
The prevalence of acquired hearing impairment was 3.8% (95% CI: 3.3-4.3); 73.7% reported limitations in their usual activities and 7.8% (95% CI: 5.3-11.3) attended a rehabilitation service. It was higher in men (4.7%; p<0.05), in those aged seventy-five years or older (9.8%; p<0.01), without a spouse/partner (4.8%; p<0.01), and in those with less education (4.7%; p<0.01). Also, hearing impairment was greater in those with heart disease (OR=1.62), lung disease/COPD (OR=2.63), arthritis/rheumatism (OR= 2.10), depression lung disease/COPD (OR=1.60), and in those who self-assessed their health as worse (OR=2.08).
There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence of acquired hearing impairment according to sociodemographic characteristics, chronic diseases, and health self-assessment.
听力是交流的基本感官之一，听力丧失会影响人们的功能状态、生活质量、认知功能和幸福感。本研究的目的是预测巴西听力受损老年人的绝对数量；估计后天性听力障碍的患病率及其与社会人口学特征、自我评估健康状况和慢性病的关联。
在巴西进行了一项横断面研究，数据来自2013年全国健康调查中55岁及以上的个体（n = 15393）。患病率的估计置信区间为95%；使用卡方检验（Rao-Scott）验证关联，显著性水平为5%。为评估听力障碍与慢性病之间的关系，采用泊松回归分析。
后天性听力障碍的患病率为3.8%（95%置信区间：3.3 - 4.3）；73.7%的人报告日常活动受限，7.8%（95%置信区间：5.3 - 11.3）的人接受过康复服务。男性患病率更高（4.7%；p < 0.05），75岁及以上人群患病率更高（9.8%；p < 0.01），无配偶/伴侣者患病率更高（4.8%；p < 0.01），受教育程度较低者患病率更高（4.7%；p < 0.01）。此外，患有心脏病（OR = 1.62）、肺病/慢性阻塞性肺疾病（OR = 2.63）、关节炎/风湿病（OR = 2.10）、抑郁症肺病/慢性阻塞性肺疾病（OR = 1.60）以及自我评估健康状况较差的人（OR = 2.08）听力障碍更为严重。
根据社会人口学特征、慢性病和健康自我评估，后天性听力障碍的患病率存在统计学上的显著差异。
