Univ. Grenoble Alpes, FDD Clinatec, 38000 Grenoble, France.
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, Clinatec, 38000 Grenoble, France.
Rev Neurosci. 2023 Mar 17;34(6):671-693. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0003. Print 2023 Aug 28.
In recent years, transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) has been developing as a promising method to protect and repair brain tissues against damages. The aim of our systematic review is to examine the results available in the literature concerning the efficacy of tPBM in changing brain activity in humans, either in healthy individuals, or in patients with neurological diseases. Four databases were screened for references containing terms encompassing photobiomodulation, brain activity, brain imaging, and human. We also analysed the quality of the included studies using validated tools. Results in healthy subjects showed that even after a single session, tPBM can be effective in influencing brain activity. In particular, the different transcranial approaches - using a focal stimulation or helmet for global brain stimulation - seemed to act at both the vascular level by increasing regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and at the neural level by changing the activity of the neurons. In addition, studies also showed that even a focal stimulation was sufficient to induce a global change in functional connectivity across brain networks. Results in patients with neurological disease were sparser; nevertheless, they indicated that tPBM could improve rCBF and functional connectivity in several regions. Our systematic review also highlighted the heterogeneity in the methods and results generated, together with the need for more randomised controlled trials in patients with neurological diseases. In summary, tPBM could be a promising method to act on brain function, but more consistency is needed in order appreciate fully the underlying mechanisms and the precise outcomes.
近年来，经颅光生物调节（tPBM）作为一种有前途的方法，在保护和修复脑损伤方面得到了发展。我们的系统评价旨在检查文献中关于 tPBM 改变人类大脑活动的效果的结果，无论是在健康个体中，还是在患有神经疾病的患者中。我们在四个数据库中筛选了包含涵盖光生物调节、大脑活动、脑成像和人类等术语的参考文献。我们还使用经过验证的工具分析了纳入研究的质量。在健康受试者中的结果表明，即使单次治疗后，tPBM 也可以有效地影响大脑活动。特别是，不同的经颅方法——使用焦点刺激或头盔进行全脑刺激——似乎在血管水平通过增加局部脑血流（rCBF）和在神经水平通过改变神经元的活动来发挥作用。此外，研究还表明，即使是焦点刺激也足以在大脑网络之间诱导功能连接的全局变化。在患有神经疾病的患者中的结果较少；然而，它们表明 tPBM 可以改善多个区域的 rCBF 和功能连接。我们的系统评价还强调了产生的方法和结果的异质性，以及在神经疾病患者中需要更多的随机对照试验。总之，tPBM 可能是一种有前途的作用于大脑功能的方法，但需要更多的一致性，以便充分了解潜在的机制和确切的结果。
