2017-2022 年按口味、产品类型和制造商划分的美国电子烟尼古丁强度趋势。
Trends in Nicotine Strength in Electronic Cigarettes Sold in the United States by Flavor, Product Type, and Manufacturer, 2017-2022.
机构信息
Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Chenega Enterprise Systems and Solutions, Atlanta, GA, USA.
出版信息
Nicotine Tob Res. 2023 Jun 9;25(7):1355-1360. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntad033.
INTRODUCTION
Most e-cigarettes contain highly addictive nicotine. This study assessed trends in nicotine strength in e-cigarettes sold in the United States during January 2017-March 2022.
AIMS AND METHODS
We obtained January 2017-March 2022 national retail e-cigarette sales data from NielsenIQ. We assessed monthly average nicotine strength overall, by e-cigarette product and flavor type, and manufacturer. A Joinpoint regression model assessed the magnitude and significance of changes in nicotine strength.
RESULTS
During January 2017-March 2022, monthly average nicotine strength of e-cigarette products increased from 2.5% to 4.4%, an average of 0.8% per month (p < .001). Monthly average nicotine strength of disposable e-cigarettes increased the most (average monthly percentage change [AMPC] = 1.26%, p < .001) as compared to prefilled pods (AMPC = 0.6%, p < .001) and e-liquids (AMPC = 0.5%, p = .218). Monthly average nicotine strength for all flavors of e-cigarette products increased except for mint-flavored products. Increases were greatest for beverage-flavored products (AMPC = 2.1%, p < .001), followed by menthol-flavored products (AMPC = 1.2%, p < .001). Among the top 10 e-cigarette manufacturers assessed, monthly average nicotine strength decreased for Juul Labs products from 5% to 4.7% (AMPC = -0.1%, p < .001) but increased significantly for five manufacturers' products and remained unchanged at 5%-6% for four manufacturers' products.
CONCLUSIONS
Monthly average nicotine strength of e-cigarette products increased overall, for most product and flavor types, and for some manufacturers in the United States during the study period. Imposing maximum limits on nicotine strength of e-cigarettes together with other evidence-based tobacco control strategies can help reduce the use of e-cigarettes among youth and increase tobacco product cessation among adults.
IMPLICATIONS
From January 2017 to March 2022, the monthly average nicotine strength of disposable e-cigarettes increased substantially and exceeded prefilled pods since May 2020. E-cigarettes with menthol flavor and youth-appealing flavors, like fruit, also had sharp increases in monthly average nicotine strength. Among the top 10 e-cigarette manufacturers, monthly average nicotine strength increased or remained unchanged at a high nicotine level for all manufacturers' products, except Juul Lab's products. Comprehensive strategies including restricting sales of all flavored e-cigarettes, restricting youth tobacco product access, and imposing maximum limits on nicotine strength may help reduce youth e-cigarette use and increase tobacco cessation.
简介
大多数电子烟都含有高度成瘾的尼古丁。本研究评估了 2017 年 1 月至 2022 年 3 月期间美国销售的电子烟尼古丁强度的趋势。
目的和方法
我们从尼尔森 IQ 获得了 2017 年 1 月至 2022 年 3 月的全国零售电子烟销售数据。我们评估了总体电子烟产品、电子烟产品和风味类型以及制造商的每月平均尼古丁强度。采用 Joinpoint 回归模型评估尼古丁强度变化的幅度和显著性。
结果
2017 年 1 月至 2022 年 3 月期间，电子烟产品的每月平均尼古丁强度从 2.5%增加到 4.4%，平均每月增加 0.8%（p<0.001）。一次性电子烟的每月平均尼古丁强度增加最多（平均每月百分比变化[AMPC]=1.26%，p<0.001），其次是预填充烟弹（AMPC=0.6%，p<0.001）和电子烟液（AMPC=0.5%，p=0.218）。除薄荷味产品外，所有电子烟产品的风味尼古丁强度均有所增加。饮料味产品的增幅最大（AMPC=2.1%，p<0.001），其次是薄荷醇味产品（AMPC=1.2%，p<0.001）。在所评估的十大电子烟制造商中，Juul Labs 产品的每月平均尼古丁强度从 5%降至 4.7%（AMPC=-0.1%，p<0.001），但其他五家制造商的产品显著增加，四家制造商的产品保持在 5%-6%不变。
结论
在研究期间，美国电子烟产品的每月平均尼古丁强度总体上有所增加，大多数产品和风味类型以及一些制造商的尼古丁强度也有所增加。对电子烟尼古丁强度实施最高限制，同时采取其他基于证据的烟草控制策略，可以帮助减少青少年使用电子烟，并增加成年人对烟草产品的戒除。
意义
从 2017 年 1 月到 2022 年 3 月，一次性电子烟的每月平均尼古丁强度大幅上升，并自 2020 年 5 月以来超过了预填充烟弹。带有薄荷味和水果等吸引年轻人的口味的电子烟，每月平均尼古丁强度也大幅上升。在十大电子烟制造商中，除了尤尔实验室的产品外，所有制造商的产品每月平均尼古丁强度都有所增加或保持在高尼古丁水平不变。综合策略包括限制所有口味电子烟的销售、限制青少年获得烟草产品的机会，以及对尼古丁强度实施最高限制，可能有助于减少青少年使用电子烟，并增加烟草戒除。
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