Borges Maria H R, Nagay Bruna E, Costa Raphael C, Souza João Gabriel S, Mathew Mathew T, Barão Valentim A R
Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil.
Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University (UNG), Guarulhos, Sāo Paulo 07023-070, Brazil; Dental Science School (Faculdade de Ciências Odontológicas - FCO), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais 39401-303, Brazil.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2023 Apr;314:102860. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102860. Epub 2023 Feb 16.
Polypyrrole (PPy) is one of the most studied conductive polymers due to its electrical conductivity and biological properties, which drive the possibility of numerous applications in the biomedical area. The physical-chemical features of PPy allow the manufacture of biocompatible devices, enhancing cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, owing to the electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged bacterial cell wall and the positive charges in the polymer structure, PPy films can perform an effective antimicrobial activity. PPy is also frequently associated with biocompatible agents and antimicrobial compounds to improve the biological response. Thus, this comprehensive review appraised the available evidence regarding the PPy-based films deposited on metallic implanted devices for biomedical applications. We focus on understanding key concepts that could influence PPy attributes regarding antimicrobial effect and cell behavior under in vitro and in vivo settings. Furthermore, we unravel the several agents incorporated into the PPy film and strategies to improve its functionality. Our findings suggest that incorporating other elements into the PPy films, such as antimicrobial agents, biomolecules, and other biocompatible polymers, may improve the biological responses. Overall, the basic properties of PPy, when combined with other composites, electrostimulation techniques, or surface treatment methods, offer great potential in biocompatibility and/or antimicrobial activities. However, challenges in synthesis standardization and potential limitations such as low adhesion and mechanical strength of the film must be overcome to improve and broaden the application of PPy film in biomedical devices.
聚吡咯（PPy）是研究最多的导电聚合物之一，因其具有导电性和生物学特性，这使得它在生物医学领域有众多应用的可能性。PPy的物理化学特性使其能够制造生物相容性装置，增强细胞黏附和增殖。此外，由于带负电荷的细菌细胞壁与聚合物结构中的正电荷之间存在静电相互作用，PPy薄膜能够发挥有效的抗菌活性。PPy还经常与生物相容性试剂和抗菌化合物结合，以改善生物学反应。因此，这篇综述评估了有关用于生物医学应用的金属植入装置上沉积的基于PPy的薄膜的现有证据。我们专注于理解在体外和体内环境下可能影响PPy抗菌效果和细胞行为属性的关键概念。此外，我们还揭示了几种掺入PPy薄膜中的试剂以及改善其功能的策略。我们的研究结果表明，将其他元素掺入PPy薄膜中，如抗菌剂、生物分子和其他生物相容性聚合物，可能会改善生物学反应。总体而言，PPy的基本特性与其他复合材料、电刺激技术或表面处理方法相结合时，在生物相容性和/或抗菌活性方面具有巨大潜力。然而，为了改进和拓宽PPy薄膜在生物医学装置中的应用，必须克服合成标准化方面的挑战以及诸如薄膜附着力低和机械强度等潜在限制。
