Mishra Prabhakar, Kiran Neelakanta Sarvashiva, Romanholo Ferreira Luiz Fernando, Yadav Krishna Kumar, Mulla Sikandar I
Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India.
Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India.
Chemosphere. 2023 Jun;326:138391. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138391. Epub 2023 Mar 16.
Petroleum product is an essential resource for energy, that has been exploited by wide range of industries and regular life. A carbonaceous contamination of marine and terrestrial environments caused by errant runoffs of consequential petroleum-derived contaminants. Additionally, petroleum hydrocarbons can have adverse effects on human health and global ecosystems and also have negative demographic consequences in petroleum industries. Key contaminants of petroleum products, primarily includes aliphatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), resins, and asphaltenes. On environmental interaction, these pollutants result in ecotoxicity as well as human toxicity. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, DNA mutations, and protein dysfunction are a few key causative mechanisms behind the toxic impacts. Henceforth, it becomes very evident to have certain remedial strategies which could help on eliminating these xenobiotics from the environment. This brings the efficacious application of bioremediation to remove or degrade pollutants from the ecosystems. In the recent scenario, extensive research and experimentation have been implemented towards bio-benign remediation of these petroleum-based pollutants, aiming to reduce the load of these toxic molecules in the environment. This review gives a detailed overview of petroleum pollutants, and their toxicity. Methods used for degrading them in the environment using microbes, periphytes, phyto-microbial interactions, genetically modified organisms, and nano-microbial remediation. All of these methods could have a significant impact on environmental management.
石油产品是一种重要的能源资源，已被广泛应用于各种工业和日常生活中。石油衍生污染物的意外径流会导致海洋和陆地环境的碳质污染。此外，石油碳氢化合物会对人类健康和全球生态系统产生不利影响，在石油工业中也会产生负面的人口统计学后果。石油产品的主要污染物主要包括脂肪烃、苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯（BTEX）、多环芳烃（PAHs）、树脂和沥青质。在与环境的相互作用中，这些污染物会导致生态毒性和人类毒性。氧化应激、线粒体损伤、DNA突变和蛋白质功能障碍是毒性影响背后的一些关键致病机制。因此，制定某些补救策略以帮助从环境中消除这些外来生物变得非常必要。这就使得生物修复在从生态系统中去除或降解污染物方面得到了有效应用。在最近的情况下，针对这些石油基污染物的生物良性修复已经进行了广泛的研究和实验，旨在减少环境中这些有毒分子的负荷。本综述详细概述了石油污染物及其毒性。介绍了利用微生物、附生植物、植物-微生物相互作用、转基因生物和纳米微生物修复在环境中降解它们的方法。所有这些方法都可能对环境管理产生重大影响。
