Wang Yanhua, Deng Meihua, Chen Chen, Lv Lu, Zhu Hongmei, Chen Liezhong, Weng Hongbiao
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, PR China.
School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
Chemosphere. 2023 Jun;326:138429. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138429. Epub 2023 Mar 16.
Despite the current efforts to identify the mixtures of chemical pollutants, they are often "binned" into their corresponding pollutant groups. Limited studies have investigated complex mixtures of chemical pollutants co-occurring across different groups. The combined toxic impacts of several substances become a critical consideration in toxicology because chemical combinations can exert a greater deleterious effect than the single components in the mixture. In the current work, we assessed the joint impacts of ochratoxin A and tricyclazole on the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and explored their underlying signaling pathways. Ochratoxin A displayed higher toxicity than tricyclazole, with a 10-day LC of 0.16 mg L, whereas that for tricyclazole was 1.94 mg L. The combination of ochratoxin A and tricyclazole exhibited a synergistic impact on D. rerio. The activities of detoxification enzymes GST and CYP450, as well as apoptosis-associated enzyme caspase 3, were distinctly changed in most individual and mixture exposures comparing to the untreated group. Upon both individual and mixture exposures, more dramatic variations were detected in the expressions of nine genes, such as the apoptosis genes cas3 and bax, antioxidant gene mn-sod, immunosuppression gene il-1β, and the endocrine system genes trα, dio1, trβ, ugtlab, and crh, compared with the untreated group. These findings suggested that the simultaneous exposure to low doses of mycotoxins and pesticides in food commodities was more toxic than predicted from the individual chemicals. Considering the frequent co-occurrence of mycotoxins and pesticides in the diet, this synergy should be considered in future assessments.
尽管目前致力于识别化学污染物混合物，但它们通常被“归类”到相应的污染物组中。有限的研究调查了不同组中同时存在的化学污染物复杂混合物。几种物质的联合毒性影响成为毒理学中的一个关键考虑因素，因为化学组合可能比混合物中的单个成分产生更大的有害影响。在当前工作中，我们评估了赭曲霉毒素A和三环唑对斑马鱼（Danio rerio）胚胎的联合影响，并探索了其潜在的信号通路。赭曲霉毒素A比三环唑表现出更高的毒性，10天半数致死浓度为0.16 mg/L，而三环唑的为1.94 mg/L。赭曲霉毒素A和三环唑的组合对斑马鱼表现出协同影响。与未处理组相比，在大多数单独和混合暴露中，解毒酶GST和CYP450以及凋亡相关酶caspase 3的活性明显改变。在单独和混合暴露时，与未处理组相比，检测到九个基因的表达有更显著的变化，如凋亡基因cas3和bax、抗氧化基因mn-sod、免疫抑制基因il-1β以及内分泌系统基因trα、dio1、trβ、ugtlab和crh。这些发现表明，食品中同时低剂量暴露于霉菌毒素和农药比单独化学物质预测的毒性更大。考虑到饮食中霉菌毒素和农药经常同时存在，这种协同作用在未来评估中应予以考虑。
