Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey.
Reprod Domest Anim. 2023 Jun;58(6):762-768. doi: 10.1111/rda.14347. Epub 2023 Mar 30.
Immune compatibility between mare and foal is one of the important topics of reproductive immunology. At this point, although there are many studies on antibodies, there are not many publications on the relationship between the cytokine levels of mare, foal and milk and the effects of milk composition on this relationship. Here we investigate the relationship between Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and milk composition in Kyrgyz mares and foals. Samples were taken soon after the foal was born and on days 5, 10 and 20 after birth. Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF-α) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10) cytokine levels in blood samples were measured using a commercial ELISA kit. Dry matter, fat, protein and non-fat dry matter ratios were determined in the mare's milk and colostrum. We detected no Th1/Th2 polarization in the mare's milk on the day of the foal's birth (day 0) and day 10, but there was Th1 polarization on day 5 and Th2 cytokine polarization on day 20. There was no polarization in the blood sera of the mares on days 0, 5, and 10, and Th1 cytokine polarization was also detected on day 20. We detected no Th1/Th2 cytokine polarization in the blood sera of the foals on any of the days. Dry matter (19.66 ± 0.39%), protein (16.56 ± 0.18%), fat (2.13 ± 0.17), and non-fat dry matter (17.59 ± 0.44%) were higher in colostrum than the other days. When the correlations between cytokine levels in milk samples and milk composition were examined, there was a positive correlation between IL-5 level and protein ratio on day 10. We detected a positive correlation between IL-2 level and the fat rate on day 20. There was a positive correlation between the IL-2 level and the non-fat dry matter ratio on day 20. Further studies are now needed to determine the relationship between the changes in the composition of mare's milk in the postnatal period and Th1/Th2 cytokine polarization in mares and foals at the time of birth and in the postnatal period. Our finding that protein and fat ratios in mare's milk in the postnatal period are positively correlated with IL-2 levels should be considered in terms of foal and human nutrition.
马驹与母马之间的免疫相容性是生殖免疫学的重要课题之一。尽管目前已有许多关于抗体的研究，但关于母马、马驹及其乳汁中的细胞因子水平与乳汁成分对这种关系的影响之间的关系的出版物并不多。在这里，我们研究了吉尔吉斯母马和马驹的 Th1/Th2 细胞因子平衡与乳汁成分之间的关系。在驹出生后不久以及出生后第 5、10 和 20 天采集样本。使用商业 ELISA 试剂盒测量血液样本中的 Th1（IFN-γ、IL-2、TNF-α）和 Th2（IL-4、IL-5、IL-10）细胞因子水平。测定母马奶和初乳中的干物质、脂肪、蛋白质和非脂肪干物质比例。我们在驹出生当天（第 0 天）和第 10 天没有检测到母马奶中的 Th1/Th2 极化，但在第 5 天检测到 Th1 极化，在第 20 天检测到 Th2 细胞因子极化。在母马的血清中，第 0、5 和 10 天没有极化，在第 20 天也检测到 Th1 细胞因子极化。在驹的血清中，任何一天都没有检测到 Th1/Th2 细胞因子极化。初乳中的干物质（19.66±0.39%）、蛋白质（16.56±0.18%）、脂肪（2.13±0.17%）和非脂肪干物质（17.59±0.44%）均高于其他天数。当检查乳汁样本中细胞因子水平与乳汁成分之间的相关性时，在第 10 天发现 IL-5 水平与蛋白质比例呈正相关。在第 20 天发现 IL-2 水平与脂肪率呈正相关。在第 20 天发现 IL-2 水平与非脂肪干物质比率呈正相关。现在需要进一步的研究来确定母马产后乳汁成分的变化与母马和驹在出生时和产后的 Th1/Th2 细胞因子极化之间的关系。我们发现，产后母马奶中的蛋白质和脂肪比例与 IL-2 水平呈正相关，这在马驹和人类营养方面应加以考虑。
