Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA.
Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
Environ Microbiol Rep. 2023 Aug;15(4):245-253. doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.13147. Epub 2023 Mar 19.
The exponential growth of aquaculture over the past 30 years has been accompanied by a parallel increase in the use of antimicrobials. This widespread use has had negative effects on animal, human and environmental health and affected the biodiversity of the environments where aquaculture takes place. Results showing these harmful effects have been resisted and made light of by the aquaculture industry and their scientific supporters through introduction of misunderstandings and misinterpretations of concepts developed in the evolution, genetics, and molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance. We focus on a few of the most obvious scientific shortcomings and biases of two recent attempts to minimise the negative impacts of excessive antimicrobial use in Chilean salmon aquaculture on human and piscine health and on the environment. Such open debate is critical to timely implementation of effective regulation of antimicrobial usage in salmon aquaculture in Chile, if the negative local and worldwide impacts of this usage are to be avoided.
过去 30 年来，水产养殖业呈指数级增长，同时抗生素的使用也相应增加。这种广泛使用对动物、人类和环境健康产生了负面影响，并影响了水产养殖所在环境的生物多样性。这些有害影响的结果受到水产养殖业及其科学支持者的抵制和淡化，他们通过对进化、遗传学和抗生素耐药性分子流行病学中概念的误解和曲解来进行抵制。我们关注的是最近智利三文鱼养殖业为了减少抗生素过度使用对人类和鱼类健康以及环境造成负面影响而做出的两次尝试中，最明显的几个科学缺陷和偏见。如果要避免这种使用方式在智利和全球范围内产生负面影响，那么这种公开辩论对于及时有效地监管三文鱼养殖业中的抗生素使用至关重要。
