Van Espen Marie, Dewachter Sara, Holvoet Nathalie
Institute of Development Policy, University of Antwerp, Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Belgium.
Institute of Development Policy, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
SSM Popul Health. 2023 Jun;22:101381. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101381. Epub 2023 Mar 15.
With only 5.1% of the population fully vaccinated against COVID-19, Tanzania has one of the lowest vaccination rates in the world and after two years of changing policies regarding the disease, the country struggles to get its vaccination campaign on the rails. In this study, we identify the determinants of COVID-19 vaccination willingness in two villages of the Mvomero district in Eastern Tanzania. Based on survey data, we performed univariate analyses to assess differences in vaccination intention for various social groups, and built a four-dimensional multivariate ordered logistic regression model that comprises respondents' personal and socioeconomic characteristics, the channels through which they get their information, their attitudes and perceptions towards COVID-19, and their social network embeddedness. Only 37.0% of the respondents indicated that they would be willing to get vaccinated against COVID-19. Vaccination willingness differed significantly according to gender, age, educational attainment and religion; with men, the elderly, people with post-secondary education and Catholics and Muslims more likely to accept a vaccine. Predictors of vaccination willingness were gender, age, social media and informal contacts as information sources, perceived effectiveness of the vaccine and of alternative medicine, fear of side effects, a general dislike of vaccines, and the proportion of vaccinated people and the highest value of trust in international organisations in one's network. Although people's attitudes and perceptions have the largest share of the explanatory value, our model shows that all four of our model's building blocks were imperative in explaining vaccination willingness. Therefore, our paper presents a compelling case for the inclusion of respondents' social embeddedness as a common dimension for exploratory models of vaccination willingness.
坦桑尼亚只有5.1%的人口完全接种了新冠疫苗，是全球疫苗接种率最低的国家之一。在历经两年针对该疾病的政策变化后，该国仍难以推动其疫苗接种运动步入正轨。在本研究中，我们确定了坦桑尼亚东部姆沃梅罗区两个村庄居民接种新冠疫苗意愿的决定因素。基于调查数据，我们进行了单变量分析，以评估不同社会群体在疫苗接种意愿上的差异，并构建了一个四维多变量有序逻辑回归模型，该模型涵盖了受访者的个人和社会经济特征、获取信息的渠道、对新冠的态度和认知，以及他们的社会网络嵌入度。只有37.0%的受访者表示愿意接种新冠疫苗。疫苗接种意愿在性别、年龄、教育程度和宗教方面存在显著差异；男性、老年人、受过高等教育的人、天主教徒和穆斯林更有可能接受疫苗。疫苗接种意愿的预测因素包括性别、年龄、作为信息来源的社交媒体和非正式接触、对疫苗和替代药物有效性的认知、对副作用的恐惧、对疫苗的普遍反感，以及所在社交网络中接种疫苗的人群比例和对国际组织的最高信任度。尽管人们的态度和认知在解释变量中占比最大，但我们的模型表明，模型的所有四个构建要素对于解释疫苗接种意愿都至关重要。因此，我们的论文有力地证明了应将受访者的社会嵌入度纳入疫苗接种意愿探索模型的共同维度。
