Forthun Ingeborg, Eliassen Knut Eirik Ringheim, Emberland Knut Erik, Bjorvatn Bjørn
Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Department of Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Mar 2;14:1033034. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1033034. eCollection 2023.
There is emerging evidence that sleep problems and short sleep duration increase the risk of infection. We aimed to assess whether chronic insomnia disorder, chronic sleep problems, sleep duration and circadian preference based on self-report were associated with risk of infections and antibiotic use among patients visiting their general practitioner (GP).
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,848 unselected patients in Norway visiting their GP during 2020.The patients completed a one-page questionnaire while waiting for the consultation, that included the validated Bergen Insomnia Scale (BIS), questions on self-assessed sleep problem, sleep duration and circadian preference and whether they have had any infections or used antibiotics in the last 3 months. Relative risks (RR) were estimated using modified Poisson regression models.
The risk of infection was 27% (95% CI RR 1.11-1.46) and 44% higher (95% CI 1.12-1.84) in patients sleeping < 6 h and >9 h, respectively, compared to those sleeping 7-8 h. The risk was also increased in patients with chronic insomnia disorder or a chronic sleep problem. For antibiotic use, the risk was higher for patients sleeping < 6 h, and for those with chronic insomnia disorder or a chronic sleep problem.
Among patients visiting their GP, short sleep duration, chronic insomnia and chronic sleep problem based on self-report were associated with higher prevalence of infection and antibiotic use. These findings support the notion of a strong association between sleep and infection.
越来越多的证据表明，睡眠问题和短睡眠时间会增加感染风险。我们旨在评估基于自我报告的慢性失眠症、慢性睡眠问题、睡眠时间和昼夜偏好是否与看全科医生（GP）的患者的感染风险及抗生素使用有关。
我们对2020年在挪威看全科医生的1848名未经挑选的患者进行了一项横断面研究。患者在等待会诊时填写了一份单页问卷，其中包括经过验证的卑尔根失眠量表（BIS）、关于自我评估的睡眠问题、睡眠时间和昼夜偏好的问题，以及他们在过去3个月内是否有过任何感染或使用过抗生素。使用修正的泊松回归模型估计相对风险（RR）。
与睡眠时间为7 - 8小时的患者相比，睡眠时间<6小时和>9小时的患者感染风险分别高27%（95%CI RR 1.11 - 1.46）和44%（95%CI 1.12 - 1.84）。慢性失眠症或慢性睡眠问题患者的感染风险也有所增加。在抗生素使用方面，睡眠时间<6小时的患者以及患有慢性失眠症或慢性睡眠问题的患者风险更高。
在看全科医生的患者中，基于自我报告的短睡眠时间、慢性失眠和慢性睡眠问题与感染及抗生素使用的较高患病率相关。这些发现支持了睡眠与感染之间存在密切关联的观点。
