Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
Neurophysiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.
Commun Biol. 2021 Nov 18;4(1):1304. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02825-4.
Modern societies are experiencing an increasing trend of reduced sleep duration, with nocturnal sleeping time below the recommended ranges for health. Epidemiological and laboratory studies have demonstrated detrimental effects of sleep deprivation on health. Sleep exerts an immune-supportive function, promoting host defense against infection and inflammatory insults. Sleep deprivation has been associated with alterations of innate and adaptive immune parameters, leading to a chronic inflammatory state and an increased risk for infectious/inflammatory pathologies, including cardiometabolic, neoplastic, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review recent advancements on the immune responses to sleep deprivation as evidenced by experimental and epidemiological studies, the pathophysiology, and the role for the sleep deprivation-induced immune changes in increasing the risk for chronic diseases. Gaps in knowledge and methodological pitfalls still remain. Further understanding of the causal relationship between sleep deprivation and immune deregulation would help to identify individuals at risk for disease and to prevent adverse health outcomes.
现代社会中，人们的睡眠时间呈逐渐减少的趋势，夜间睡眠时间已低于健康建议范围。流行病学和实验室研究表明，睡眠不足对健康有害。睡眠具有免疫支持功能，可促进宿主抵御感染和炎症损伤。睡眠剥夺与先天和适应性免疫参数的改变有关，导致慢性炎症状态和感染/炎症性疾病的风险增加，包括心血管代谢、肿瘤、自身免疫和神经退行性疾病。在这里，我们回顾了实验和流行病学研究证明的睡眠剥夺对免疫反应的最新进展、病理生理学以及睡眠剥夺引起的免疫变化在增加慢性疾病风险中的作用。目前仍存在知识空白和方法学陷阱。进一步了解睡眠剥夺与免疫失调之间的因果关系将有助于识别患病风险人群，并预防不良健康后果。
