Petribu Beatriz Nunes, Abrahao Karina Possa, Souza-Formigoni Maria Lucia Oliveira
Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2023 Mar 2;16:1100608. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1100608. eCollection 2022.
Many studies raised concerns on alcoholic beverages consumption mixed with energy drinks (AmED), which can induce higher rates of binge drinking and earlier development of alcohol use disorders. After 20 years of research, few studies with laboratory animals have focused on the effects of this mixture and the neurobiological and pharmacological mechanisms underlying them. We found 16 articles on AmED administration to rodents evaluating its effects on voluntary consumption, locomotion, anxiety-like behavior, memory, influence on the onset time of seizures, biochemical and neurochemical measures. Some of these studies indicated energy drinks (ED) can alter the pattern of use and motivation to consume ethanol (EtOH); increase the expression of sensitization to EtOH stimulant effect and the proportion of sensitized mice; decrease the aversiveness of high concentrations of EtOH, among other effects. In addition AmED hastens the loss of righting reflex and its effects on memory are controversial. After acute administration no difference was found in blood ethanol concentration (BEC) of rodents which received EtOH with or without ED, but after 60 days of treatment, AmED group had lower BEC levels than EtOH group. Data on biochemical and neurochemical parameters after AmED are not consistent. Although the AmED group presented higher glucose levels than the EtOH group when drugs were administered by , this was not observed in a self-administration protocol. AmED may induce higher kidney damage, higher levels of plasma urea, uric acid and creatinine when compared to EtOH. Chronic consumption of AmED causes an inflammatory response and oxidative stress, which may induce cell death in the cortex and hypothalamus of adult rats. These controversial results show that AmED diverse effects depend on sex, age and lineage of the animals, duration of the treatment and route of administration. Further research is necessary to evaluate the mechanisms underlying AmED biological effects.
许多研究对酒精饮料与能量饮料混合饮用（AmED）表示担忧，这种混合饮用会导致更高的暴饮率以及酒精使用障碍的更早出现。经过20年的研究，很少有针对实验动物的研究关注这种混合物的影响及其潜在的神经生物学和药理学机制。我们发现了16篇关于给啮齿动物施用AmED的文章，评估了其对自愿消费、运动、焦虑样行为、记忆、癫痫发作起始时间的影响、生化和神经化学指标。其中一些研究表明，能量饮料（ED）可以改变乙醇（EtOH）的使用模式和消费动机；增加对EtOH刺激作用的敏化表达以及敏化小鼠的比例；降低高浓度EtOH的厌恶感等。此外，AmED会加速翻正反射的丧失，其对记忆的影响存在争议。急性给药后，接受有或没有ED的EtOH的啮齿动物的血液乙醇浓度（BEC）没有差异，但经过60天的治疗后，AmED组的BEC水平低于EtOH组。关于AmED后生化和神经化学参数的数据并不一致。尽管在通过……给药时，AmED组比EtOH组呈现出更高的血糖水平，但在自我给药方案中并未观察到这一点。与EtOH相比，AmED可能会导致更高的肾脏损伤、更高的血浆尿素、尿酸和肌酐水平。长期饮用AmED会引起炎症反应和氧化应激，这可能会导致成年大鼠皮质和下丘脑的细胞死亡。这些有争议的结果表明，AmED的多种影响取决于动物的性别、年龄和品系、治疗持续时间和给药途径。有必要进行进一步的研究来评估AmED生物学效应的潜在机制。
