Pajai Devanjali D, Paul Priyanka, Reche Amit
Public Health Dentistry, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2023 Feb 16;15(2):e35086. doi: 10.7759/cureus.35086. eCollection 2023 Feb.
A chronic, recurring illness, known as nicotine addiction and dependence, is defined by a person's dependence on the substance up to the extent that their normal day-to-day activities are compromised in the absence of the substance. This paper will highlight first-line smoking cessation treatments, such as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), bupropion, and varenicline, and second-line medications, such as clonidine, nortriptyline, anxiolytics, mecamylamine, naltrexone, and NicVAX (Nabi Biopharmaceuticals, Rockville, MD, USA). NRT offers many options for nicotine delivery methods, comprising nicotine gum, rapid-release gum, lozenges, transdermal patches, high-dose nicotine patches, oral inhalers, nasal sprays, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), and sublingual tablets. Pharmacotherapies for quitting tobacco should lessen withdrawal symptoms and stop nicotine's reinforcing effects without having too many side effects.
一种被称为尼古丁成瘾和依赖的慢性复发性疾病，其定义是一个人对该物质产生依赖，以至于在没有该物质的情况下，他们的正常日常活动受到影响。本文将重点介绍一线戒烟治疗方法，如尼古丁替代疗法（NRT）、安非他酮和伐尼克兰，以及二线药物，如可乐定、去甲替林、抗焦虑药、美加明、纳曲酮和NicVAX（美国马里兰州罗克维尔的纳比生物制药公司）。NRT提供了多种尼古丁给药方式，包括尼古丁口香糖、速释口香糖、含片、透皮贴剂、高剂量尼古丁贴剂、口腔吸入器、鼻喷雾剂、电子尼古丁传送系统（ENDS）和舌下片。戒烟的药物疗法应减轻戒断症状并消除尼古丁的强化作用，同时副作用不宜过多。
