Zhao Hao, Tian Min, Xiong Liang, Lin Tongbin, Zhang Shuchang, Yue Xianhuai, Liu Xinghong, Chen Fang, Zhang Shihai, Guan Wutai
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
Food Funct. 2023 Apr 3;14(7):3290-3303. doi: 10.1039/d3fo00068k.
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a food safe emulsifier and a kind of MCFA monoglyceride that has been proven to confer positive benefits in improving animal health, production and feed digestibility as a feed additive. This study aims to evaluate whether supplementation of a sow diet with GML could affect the intestinal barrier function and antioxidant status of newborn piglets and to explore its regulatory mechanism. A total of 80 multiparous sows were divided into two groups, which were fed a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 0.1% GML. The results indicated that maternal supplementation with GML significantly increased fat, lactose and protein in sow colostrum, as well as fat and protein in sow 14-day milk ( < 0.05). The results showed that GML significantly reduced the concentrations of IL-12 in the duodenum, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-12 in the jejunum, and IL-1β in the ileum of piglets ( < 0.05). Higher concentrations of T-AOC, T-SOD, GSH and GSH-Px and lower MDA in the intestine were observed in the GML group than in the control group. Correspondingly, the villi height, crypt depth and the ratio of villi height to crypt depth (V/C) in the jejunum and the V/C in the ileum in the GML group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( < 0.05). Moreover, the GML group displayed significantly increased protein abundance of zonula occludens (ZO)-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in the small intestine ( < 0.05), mRNA expression of mucins (MUCs) in the small intestine (, and ), and mRNA expression of porcine beta defensins (pBDs) in the duodenum ( and ), jejunum (, and ) ( < 0.05), and ileum (, and ) ( < 0.05). Further research showed that GML significantly reduced the phosphorylation of the NF-κB/MAPK pathways in the small intestine ( < 0.05). In addition, the results of 16S rDNA sequencing showed that maternal supplementation with GML altered the colonic microbiotic structure of piglets, and reduced the relative abundance of . In summary, a sow diet supplemented with GML enhanced the offspring's intestinal oxidative stability and barrier function and attenuated the offspring's intestinal inflammatory response, possibly by suppressing the activation of the NF-κB/MAPK pathways.
甘油单月桂酸酯（GML）是一种食品安全乳化剂，也是一种中链脂肪酸单甘油酯，作为饲料添加剂，已被证明在改善动物健康、生产性能和饲料消化率方面具有积极作用。本研究旨在评估在母猪日粮中添加GML是否会影响新生仔猪的肠道屏障功能和抗氧化状态，并探索其调控机制。总共80头经产母猪被分为两组，分别饲喂基础日粮或添加0.1% GML的基础日粮。结果表明，母猪日粮中添加GML显著增加了初乳中的脂肪、乳糖和蛋白质含量，以及14日龄乳汁中的脂肪和蛋白质含量（P<0.05）。结果显示，GML显著降低了仔猪十二指肠中IL-12的浓度、空肠中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-12的浓度以及回肠中IL-1β的浓度（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，GML组仔猪肠道中T-AOC、T-SOD、GSH和GSH-Px的浓度更高，MDA的浓度更低。相应地，GML组空肠和回肠的绒毛高度、隐窝深度以及绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比（V/C）均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。此外，GML组仔猪小肠中紧密连接蛋白（ZO）-1、闭合蛋白和Claudin-1的蛋白丰度显著增加（P<0.05），小肠中黏蛋白（MUCs）的mRNA表达（P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001）以及十二指肠（P<0.05和P<0.01）、空肠（P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001）和回肠（P<0.05、P<0.01和P<0.001）中猪β-防御素（pBDs）的mRNA表达均显著增加（P<0.05）。进一步研究表明，GML显著降低了小肠中NF-κB/MAPK信号通路的磷酸化水平（P<0.05）。此外，16S rDNA测序结果显示，母猪日粮中添加GML改变了仔猪结肠微生物结构，并降低了[具体细菌名称未给出]的相对丰度。综上所述，在母猪日粮中添加GML可增强后代肠道的氧化稳定性和屏障功能，并减轻后代肠道炎症反应，可能是通过抑制NF-κB/MAPK信号通路的激活来实现的。
