USDA-ARS Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics, and Physiology Laboratory, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Institute BIOTECMED, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.
Pest Manag Sci. 2023 Aug;79(8):2840-2845. doi: 10.1002/ps.7461. Epub 2023 Apr 11.
The parasitic mite, Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman), is a leading cause of honey bee colony losses around the world. Application of miticides such as amitraz are often the primary method of Varroa control in commercial beekeeping operations in the United States. It is likely that excessive and exclusive amitraz application has led to the development of amitraz resistance in Varroa. A mutation of tyrosine at amino acid position 215 to histidine (Y215H) in the β -octopamine receptor was identified in putatively amitraz-resistant Varroa in the United States. This research investigated the presence of the Y215H mutation in quantitatively confirmed amitraz-resistant Varroa from the United States.
There was a strong association of susceptible and resistant phenotypes with the corresponding susceptible and resistant genotypes respectively, and vice versa. The resistance bioassay may understate resistance levels because of the influence of environmental conditions on the outcome of the test, whereby Varroa with an amitraz-resistant genotype may appear with a susceptible phenotype.
Confirmation of the Y215H mutation in the β -octopamine receptor of amitraz-resistant Varroa encourages the development and validation of low-cost, high-throughput genotyping protocols to assess amitraz resistance. Resistance monitoring via genotyping will allow for large-scale passive monitoring to accurately determine the prevalence of amitraz resistance rather than directed sampling of apiaries with known resistance issues. Genotyping of Varroa for amitraz resistance early in the beekeeping season may predict late-season resistance at the colony level and provide beekeepers with enough time to develop an effective Varroa management strategy. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
寄生螨，瓦螨（安德森和特鲁曼），是世界范围内导致蜜蜂蜂群损失的主要原因。在美国，商业养蜂中，应用杀螨剂如咪鲜胺通常是控制瓦螨的主要方法。过度和专门使用咪鲜胺可能导致瓦螨对其产生抗药性。在美国，鉴定出β-章鱼胺受体中 215 位的酪氨酸突变为组氨酸（Y215H）的突变与瓦螨对咪鲜胺的抗药性有关。本研究调查了美国定量确认的抗咪鲜胺的瓦螨中是否存在 Y215H 突变。
敏感表型和抗性表型与相应的敏感基因型和抗性基因型分别存在很强的关联，反之亦然。由于环境条件对试验结果的影响，抗性生物测定可能会低估抗性水平，因此具有咪鲜胺抗性基因型的瓦螨可能表现出敏感表型。
在抗咪鲜胺的瓦螨的β-章鱼胺受体中确认 Y215H 突变，鼓励开发和验证低成本、高通量的基因分型方案，以评估咪鲜胺的抗性。通过基因分型进行抗性监测，将允许进行大规模的被动监测，以准确确定咪鲜胺抗性的流行率，而不是针对已知抗性问题的蜂场进行有针对性的抽样。在养蜂季节早期对瓦螨进行咪鲜胺抗性基因分型，可以预测后期在蜂群水平上的抗性，并为养蜂人提供足够的时间制定有效的瓦螨管理策略。© 2023 化学工业协会。本文由美国政府雇员做出贡献，其工作在美国属于公有领域。
