Huber Jule Marie, Newig Jens, Loos Jacqueline
Georg-August-University, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Leuphana University, Institute of Sustainability Governance, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
Leuphana University, Institute of Sustainability Governance, Universitätsallee 1, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Jun 15;336:117593. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117593. Epub 2023 Mar 20.
Protected areas are considered key to conserving ecosystems and safeguarding biodiversity worldwide. Local stakeholders' involvement in decision-making in area-based conservation approaches may help to mitigate environmental inequalities and to improve social and ecological outcomes. However, sound and in-depth evidence on the relationship between participation and protected area outcomes is piecemeal. To synthesize the available knowledge, we provide evidence from a systematic literature review of 52 empirical case studies from the scientific literature examining the social and ecological outcomes of protected-area-related decision-making processes in which local stakeholders participated. In a first step, we defined factors that are linked to social and ecological protected area outcomes as success. Based on these factors, we then categorized success indicators which we quantitatively linked to features of participation. Our review provides evidence of the relationship between protected area successes and the following four features of participation: 1. Genuine devolution of power to the local level; 2. Involvement of diverse actors and multiple perspectives through fair and inclusive processes; 3. Long-term external support; 4. Devolution of rights. Even though the degree and form of participation require adjustment to specific local contexts, this overview of features provides sound evidence based on the relation between participatory decision-making and social and ecological effectiveness in protected areas. These insights can be used to design more effective participatory conservation interventions that meet both biodiversity conservation and human well-being.
保护区被视为全球保护生态系统和维护生物多样性的关键。当地利益相关者参与基于区域的保护方法的决策，可能有助于减轻环境不平等，并改善社会和生态成果。然而，关于参与和保护区成果之间关系的可靠且深入的证据是零散的。为了综合现有知识，我们通过对科学文献中52个实证案例研究进行系统的文献综述，提供了相关证据，这些案例研究考察了当地利益相关者参与的与保护区相关的决策过程的社会和生态成果。第一步，我们将与社会和生态保护区成果相关联的因素定义为成功。基于这些因素，我们随后对成功指标进行了分类，并将其与参与的特征进行了定量关联。我们的综述提供了保护区成功与以下四个参与特征之间关系的证据：1. 真正将权力下放到地方层面；2. 通过公平和包容的过程让不同行为体和多种观点参与进来；3. 长期的外部支持；4. 权利下放。尽管参与的程度和形式需要根据具体的当地情况进行调整，但这一特征概述基于参与式决策与保护区社会和生态有效性之间的关系提供了可靠证据。这些见解可用于设计更有效的参与式保护干预措施，以实现生物多样性保护和人类福祉。
