From the Gastrointestinal Malignancies Section, Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch.
NCI CCR Liver Cancer Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Cancer J. 2023;29(2):57-60. doi: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000646.
The gut microbiome and liver are anatomically and functionally connected. The impact of the gut microbiota or microbial metabolites on liver cancer progression via immune cells has been recently revealed across various preclinical models. Commensal gut microbes of liver cancer patients differ from control subjects, and their composition is affected by the etiology of the hepatocellular carcinoma. The gut microbiota represents a potential novel target for intervention as shown in patients with melanoma, but we still lack data in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Fecal microbiota transplantation and dietary approaches may improve immunotherapy efficacy, and a couple of clinical trials are ongoing. In liver cancer, the ongoing recognition of interactions between gut microbes and the tumor immune microenvironment provides an exciting therapeutic avenue to complement established immunotherapy.
肠道微生物群与肝脏在解剖和功能上是相连的。最近在各种临床前模型中发现，肠道微生物群或微生物代谢物通过免疫细胞对肝癌的进展有影响。肝癌患者的肠道共生微生物与对照者不同，其组成受肝细胞癌病因的影响。肠道微生物群代表了一个潜在的新的干预靶点，这在黑色素瘤患者中已经得到了证实，但我们在肝细胞癌患者中仍然缺乏数据。粪便微生物群移植和饮食方法可能会提高免疫疗法的疗效，目前有几项临床试验正在进行。在肝癌中，对肠道微生物群与肿瘤免疫微环境之间相互作用的不断认识为补充现有的免疫疗法提供了一个令人兴奋的治疗途径。
