Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, Valencia, Spain.
Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Physiology Unit, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, Italy.
J Equine Vet Sci. 2023 Jul;126:104292. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104292. Epub 2023 Mar 22.
The interpretation of the blood count is essential to help the equine clinician in the diagnosis, prognosis, patient management, and control of equine diseases. Hematologic alterations often reflect the condition of the individual or an overall response to a pathological situation. A thorough clinical examination of the patient is essential to correctly interpret the hematological results. The most common abnormalities in the erythrogram are mainly anemia and polycythemia. The frequent causes of anemia in horses are acute and chronic blood loss, hemolytic anemia, and anemia caused by chronic disease. Evaluation of leukogram, including a total white cell count, a differential cell count, absolute numbers of specific leukocytes can help identify abnormalities that may suggest specific diseases such as a viral or bacterial infection, inflammatory disorders or even a neoplastic process. The platelet count is most often used to monitor or diagnose conditions that cause too much bleeding related with thrombocytopenia; it can be due to multiple mechanisms such as reduction of thrombopoiesis (myeloptisis, myelofibrosis, myeloproliferative disease, and idiopathic medullary aplasias or due to the effect of mielosuppresive drugs), increased peripheral destruction of platelets (immune mediated thrombocytopenia), consumption (dissemined intravascular coagulation) sequestration of the spleen and loss of platelets by idiopathic origin.
血液计数的解读对于帮助马科临床医生进行诊断、预后、患者管理和控制马科疾病至关重要。血液学改变通常反映个体的状况或对病理情况的整体反应。对患者进行彻底的临床检查对于正确解读血液学结果至关重要。红细胞计数中最常见的异常主要是贫血和红细胞增多症。马科贫血的常见原因是急性和慢性失血、溶血性贫血以及由慢性疾病引起的贫血。对白细胞计数的评估，包括总白细胞计数、分类细胞计数、特定白细胞的绝对值，可以帮助识别可能提示特定疾病的异常，如病毒或细菌感染、炎症性疾病甚至肿瘤过程。血小板计数通常用于监测或诊断导致血小板减少症相关的过度出血的情况；其可能由多种机制引起，如血小板生成减少（骨髓纤维化、骨髓增生性疾病、特发性骨髓发育不良或骨髓抑制药物的作用）、外周血小板破坏增加（免疫介导性血小板减少症）、消耗（弥漫性血管内凝血）、脾脏隔离和特发性血小板丢失。
