采用健康信念模型评估埃塞俄比亚东部公立医院成年患者对 COVID-19 疫苗的接受程度及相关因素：一项多中心横断面研究。
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among adult clients at public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia using the health belief model: multicentre cross-sectional study.
机构信息
School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
Haramaya University School of Nursing and Midwifery, Dire Dawa, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2023 Mar 23;13(3):e070551. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070551.
OBJECTIVE
Immunization is still one of the best ways to reduce viral-related morbidity and mortality . Therefore, this study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors among adult clients at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia.
METHOD
A multicentred facility-based cross-sectional study design was utilised. The systematic random sampling technique was used to select 420 study participants. The characteristics of individuals were described using descriptive statistical analysis such as frequency, median and IQR. Mean was used for health belief model components. The association was assessed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression and described by the OR along with a 95% CI. Finally, a p-value<0.05 in the adjusted analysis was used to declare a significant association.
OUTCOME MEASURE
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and associated factors.
RESULT
A total of 412 adult clients were interviewed, with a response rate of 98.1%. Of the total study participants, 225 (54.6%; 95% CI: 50.0% to -59.7%) were willing to accept the COVID-19 vaccine. Age≥46 (adjusted OR, AOR=3.64, 95% CI: 1.35- to 9.86), college and above level of education (AOR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.30- to 4.81), having health insurance (AOR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.11- to 2.87) and experiencing chronic disease (AOR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.02- to 3.77) were predictor variables. Also, components of the health belief model were significantly associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.
CONCLUSION
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among the adult population was low compared to other study. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were age, college and above level of education, having a chronic disease, having health insurance, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit and perceived barrier.Improving awareness about COVID-19 among all sections of the population is crucial to improving vaccine acceptability.
目的
免疫仍然是降低与病毒相关发病率和死亡率的最佳方法之一。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚东部公立医院成年患者对 COVID-19 疫苗的接受程度及其相关因素。
方法
采用多中心基于机构的横断面研究设计。使用系统随机抽样技术选择 420 名研究参与者。使用描述性统计分析（如频率、中位数和 IQR）描述个体特征。使用均值表示健康信念模型成分。使用双变量和多变量逻辑回归评估关联，并使用 OR 及其 95%CI 进行描述。最后，调整分析中 p 值<0.05 用于宣布显著关联。
结果测量
COVID-19 疫苗的接受程度及其相关因素。
结果
共访谈了 412 名成年患者，应答率为 98.1%。在总共的研究参与者中，225 名（54.6%；95%CI：50.0%至-59.7%）愿意接受 COVID-19 疫苗。年龄≥46 岁（调整后的 OR，AOR=3.64，95%CI：1.35 至 9.86）、大学及以上学历（AOR=2.50，95%CI：1.30 至 4.81）、拥有健康保险（AOR=1.79，95%CI：1.11 至 2.87）和患有慢性病（AOR=1.96，95%CI：1.02 至 3.77）是预测变量。此外，健康信念模型的组成部分与 COVID-19 疫苗的接受程度显著相关。
结论
与其他研究相比，成年人群对 COVID-19 疫苗的接受程度较低。与 COVID-19 疫苗接受相关的因素包括年龄、大学及以上学历、患有慢性病、拥有健康保险、感知易感性、感知严重性、感知益处和感知障碍。提高所有人群对 COVID-19 的认识对于提高疫苗可接受性至关重要。
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