Population Services International, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Population Services International, Washington, DC, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Oct 21;24(1):2894. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20359-2.
Despite evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine, vaccine hesitancy has emerged as a major challenge for vaccine uptake. The objective of this study was to classify latent typologies of vaccine hesitant adults in Ethiopia and identify predictors of the latent classes.
We employed a cross-sectional household survey among 1,112 individuals aged 18 and above who were partially vaccinated (one dose) or not vaccinated at the time of the survey. Data was collected in August 2022. We collected information on participant socio-demographics, COVID-19 knowledge, prevention practices, disease history, and vaccine hesitancy. Latent class analysis was used to classify individuals into categories of vaccine hesitancy. We conducted multinomial logistic regression to test the associations between latent typologies and different demographic and COVID-19 related characteristics of study participants.
Using latent class analysis we found a four-class solution for vaccine hesitancy typologies. The identified classes were strong vaccine acceptors (30%); vaccine acceptors with some concerns (7%); vaccine sceptics (13%); and vaccine rejectors (50%). In adjusted models with vaccine sceptics as the referent group, those with high COVID-19 vaccine knowledge were significantly more likely to belong to the strong vaccine acceptors class compared to those with low vaccine knowledge (adj. RRR: 17.36, 95% CI: 10.94-27.55). Better COVID-19 prevention practices were also significantly associated with belonging to the vaccine acceptors with some concerns class than the vaccine sceptics class (adj. RRR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.09-4.16). Those who had one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine were significantly more likely to belong in the vaccine acceptors class than the vaccine sceptics class compared to those who had no dose (adj. RRR: 6.82, 95% CI: 3.06-15.21).
Half of the study participants were in the vaccine rejectors class. Individuals in the vaccine sceptics and rejector classes evidenced lower vaccine knowledge and worse COVD-19 prevention practices and were less likely to have been partially vaccinated. Future program interventions should focus on improving knowledge around the vaccine, decrease rumors and misconceptions, and target individuals who may be more amenable to changing their vaccination attitudes or behaviors like vaccine sceptics or acceptors with some concerns.
尽管有证据表明 COVID-19 疫苗有效，但疫苗犹豫已成为疫苗接种的主要挑战。本研究的目的是对埃塞俄比亚的成年疫苗犹豫者进行潜在类型分类，并确定潜在类别。
我们采用横断面家庭调查，对 1112 名年龄在 18 岁及以上的部分接种（一剂）或未接种疫苗的人群进行了调查。数据于 2022 年 8 月收集。我们收集了参与者的社会人口统计学、COVID-19 知识、预防措施、疾病史和疫苗犹豫等信息。采用潜在类别分析将个体分为疫苗犹豫类别。我们进行了多项逻辑回归，以检验潜在类型与研究参与者的不同人口统计学和 COVID-19 相关特征之间的关联。
使用潜在类别分析，我们发现疫苗犹豫类型存在四种类别解决方案。确定的类别是强烈的疫苗接受者（30%）；有一些顾虑的疫苗接受者（7%）；疫苗怀疑论者（13%）；和疫苗拒绝者（50%）。在以疫苗怀疑论者为参照组的调整模型中，那些具有较高 COVID-19 疫苗知识的人比那些具有较低疫苗知识的人更有可能属于强烈的疫苗接受者类别（调整后的相对风险比：17.36，95%置信区间：10.94-27.55）。更好的 COVID-19 预防措施也与属于有一些顾虑的疫苗接受者类别而不是疫苗怀疑论者类别显著相关（调整后的相对风险比：2.13，95%置信区间：1.09-4.16）。与没有接种一剂疫苗的人相比，接种了一剂 COVID-19 疫苗的人更有可能属于疫苗接受者类别，而不是疫苗怀疑论者类别（调整后的相对风险比：6.82，95%置信区间：3.06-15.21）。
研究参与者中有一半属于疫苗拒绝者类别。疫苗怀疑论者和拒绝者类别的个体疫苗知识较低，COVID-19 预防措施较差，并且不太可能部分接种疫苗。未来的项目干预措施应重点提高疫苗知识，减少谣言和误解，并针对那些可能更容易改变其疫苗接种态度或行为的个体，如疫苗怀疑论者或有一些顾虑的接受者。
