Archer Goode Emily, Wang Ning, Munkley Jennifer
Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, International Centre for Life, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK.
The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
Oncol Lett. 2023 Mar 8;25(4):163. doi: 10.3892/ol.2023.13749. eCollection 2023 Apr.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prominent causes of cancer-related mortality in the male population. A highly impactful prognostic factor for patients diagnosed with PCa is the presence or absence of bone metastases. The formation of secondary tumours at the bone is the most commonly observed site for the establishment of PCa metastases and is associated with reduced survival of patients in addition to a cohort of life-debilitating symptoms, including mobility issues and chronic pain. Despite the prevalence of this disease presentation and the high medical relevance of bone metastases, the mechanisms underlying the formation of metastases to the bone and the understanding of what drives the osteotropism exhibited by prostate tumours remain to be fully elucidated. This lack of in-depth understanding manifests in limited effective treatment options for patients with advanced metastatic PCa and culminates in the low rate of survival observed for this sub-set of patients. The present review aims to summarise the most recent promising advances in the understanding of how and why prostate tumours metastasise to the bone, with the ultimate aim of highlighting novel treatment and prognostic targets, which may provide the opportunity to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with PCa with bone metastases.
前列腺癌（PCa）是男性人群中与癌症相关死亡率的最主要原因之一。对于被诊断患有PCa的患者而言，一个极具影响力的预后因素是是否存在骨转移。骨是PCa转移最常发生的部位，在骨处形成继发性肿瘤，除了会导致一系列使人衰弱的症状（包括行动不便和慢性疼痛）外，还与患者生存率降低相关。尽管这种疾病表现很常见，且骨转移具有很高的医学相关性，但前列腺肿瘤发生骨转移的机制以及对前列腺肿瘤所表现出的亲骨性的驱动因素的理解仍有待充分阐明。这种缺乏深入理解的情况表现为晚期转移性PCa患者的有效治疗选择有限，最终导致该亚组患者的生存率较低。本综述旨在总结在理解前列腺肿瘤如何以及为何转移至骨方面的最新有前景的进展，最终目的是突出新的治疗和预后靶点，这可能为改善伴有骨转移的PCa患者的诊断和治疗提供机会。
