Popov Valentin L, Poliakov Aleksandr M, Pakhaliuk Vladimir I
Institute of Mechanics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Polytechnic Institute, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Mar 7;10:1134786. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1134786. eCollection 2023.
Osteoarthritis is one of the most severe diseases of the human musculoskeletal system, and therefore, for many years, special attention has been paid to the search for effective methods of its treatment. However, even the most modern methods only in a limited number of cases in the early or intermediate stages of osteoarthritis lead to positive treatment results. In the later stages of development, osteoarthritis is practically incurable and most often ends with disability or the need for joint replacement for a large number of people. One of the main reasons hindering the development of osteoarthritis treatment methods is the peculiarities of articular cartilage, in which there is practically no vascular network and tissue homeostasis is carried out mainly due to the diffusion of nutrients present in the synovial fluid. In modern medicine, for the treatment of osteoarthritis, tissue engineering strategies have been developed based on the implantation of scaffolds populated with chondrogenic cells into the area of the defect. studies have established that these cells are highly mechanosensitive and, under the influence of mechanical stimuli of a certain type and intensity, their ability to proliferate and chondrogenesis increases. This property can be used to improve the efficiency of regenerative rehabilitation technologies based on the synergistic combination of cellular technologies, tissue engineering strategies, and mechanical tissue stimulation. In this work, using a regenerative rehabilitation mathematical model of local articular cartilage defects, numerical experiments were performed, the results of which indicate that the micro-and macro environment of the restored tissue, which changes during mechanical stimulation, has a significant effect on the formation of the extracellular matrix, and, consequently, cartilage tissue generally. The results obtained can be used to plan strategies for mechanical stimulation, based on the analysis of the results of cell proliferation experimental assessment after each stimulation procedure .
骨关节炎是人类肌肉骨骼系统最严重的疾病之一，因此，多年来人们一直特别关注寻找其有效治疗方法。然而，即使是最现代的方法，也仅在骨关节炎早期或中期的有限病例中能取得积极的治疗效果。在疾病发展的后期，骨关节炎几乎无法治愈，并且对于许多人来说，常常以残疾或需要进行关节置换告终。阻碍骨关节炎治疗方法发展的主要原因之一是关节软骨的特性，其中几乎没有血管网络，组织稳态主要通过滑液中营养物质的扩散来维持。在现代医学中，为了治疗骨关节炎，已经开发了基于将接种有软骨生成细胞的支架植入缺损区域的组织工程策略。研究表明，这些细胞具有高度的机械敏感性，在特定类型和强度的机械刺激作用下，它们的增殖和软骨生成能力会增强。基于细胞技术、组织工程策略和机械组织刺激的协同组合，这一特性可用于提高再生康复技术的效率。在这项工作中，使用局部关节软骨缺损的再生康复数学模型进行了数值实验，实验结果表明，在机械刺激过程中发生变化的修复组织的微观和宏观环境，对细胞外基质的形成，进而对软骨组织整体的形成具有显著影响。基于每次刺激程序后细胞增殖实验评估的结果分析，所获得的结果可用于规划机械刺激策略。
