Mukherjee Krishanu, Moroz Leonid L
Whitney Laboratory for Marine Biosciences, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, United States.
Departments of Neuroscience and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Mar 7;11:1113046. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1113046. eCollection 2023.
Transposable elements (TE) could serve as sources of new transcription factors (TFs) in plants and some other model species, but such evidence is lacking for most animal lineages. Here, we discovered multiple independent co-options of TEs to generate 788 TFs across Metazoa, including all early-branching animal lineages. Six of ten superfamilies of DNA transposon-derived conserved TF families (ZBED, CENPB, FHY3, HTH-Psq, THAP, and FLYWCH) were identified across nine phyla encompassing the entire metazoan phylogeny. The most extensive convergent domestication of potentially TE-derived TFs occurred in the hydroid polyps, polychaete worms, cephalopods, oysters, and sea slugs. Phylogenetic reconstructions showed species-specific clustering and lineage-specific expansion; none of the identified TE-derived TFs revealed homologs in their closest neighbors. Together, our study established a framework for categorizing TE-derived TFs and informing the origins of novel genes across phyla.
转座元件（TE）可作为植物和其他一些模式物种中新转录因子（TF）的来源，但大多数动物谱系缺乏此类证据。在此，我们发现了转座元件的多个独立共选项，从而在整个后生动物中产生了788个转录因子，包括所有早期分支的动物谱系。在涵盖整个后生动物系统发育的九个门中，鉴定出了十个DNA转座子衍生的保守转录因子家族（ZBED、CENPB、FHY3、HTH-Psq、THAP和FLYWCH）中的六个。潜在的转座元件衍生转录因子最广泛的趋同驯化发生在水螅虫、多毛类蠕虫、头足类动物、牡蛎和海蛞蝓中。系统发育重建显示了物种特异性聚类和谱系特异性扩展；所鉴定的转座元件衍生转录因子中，没有一个在其最接近的近缘物种中显示出同源物。总之，我们的研究建立了一个框架，用于对转座元件衍生的转录因子进行分类，并为跨门新基因的起源提供信息。
